25-hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels Research Articles

Effect of the combination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and higher level of calcium and phosphorus in the diets on bone 3D structural development in pullets.

Bone issues such as osteoporosis are major concerns for the laying hen industry. A study was conducted to improve bone-health in pullets. A total of 448 one-day-old Hyline W36 pullets were randomly assigned to four treatments (8 rep; 14 birds/rep) until 17weeks (wks). Dietary treatments were: 1) vitamin D3 at (2,760IU/kg) (D), 2) vitamin D3 (2,760IU/kg)+62.5mg 25-(OH)D3/ton (H25D), 3) vitamin D3 (2,760IU/kg) + 62.5mg 25-(OH)D3/ton + high Ca&P (H25D + Ca/P), and 4) vitamin D3 (2,760IU/kg) + high Ca&P (D + Ca/P). The high calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) diet was modified by increasing both high calcium and phosphorus by 30% (2:1) for the first 12wks and then only increasing P for 12-17wks to reduce the Ca to P ratio. At 17wk, growth performance was measured, whole body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and femur bones were scanned using Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) for bone 3D structure analyses. The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure, with means deemed significant at p < 0.05. There was no significant outcome for growth performance or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry parameters. Micro-computed tomography results indicated that the H25D + Ca/P treatment had lower open pore volume space, open porosity, total volume of pore space, and total porosity in the cortical bone compared to the D + Ca/P. It also showed that a higher cortical bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) in the H25D + Ca/P than in the D + Ca/P. Furthermore, the H25D + Ca/P treatment had the lowest trabecular pattern factor and structure model index compared to the other treatments, which indicates its beneficial effects on trabecular structural development. Moreover, the H25D + Ca/P had a higher trabecular percentage compared to the D and 25D, which suggests the additional high calcium and phosphorus supplementation on top of 25D increased trabecular content in the cavity. In conclusion, the combination of 25D with higher levels of high calcium and phosphorus could improve cortical bone quality in pullets and showed a beneficial effect on trabecular bone 3D structural development. Thus, combination of a higher bio-active form of vitamin D3 and higher levels of high calcium and phosphorus could become a potential feeding strategy to improve bone structural integrity and health in pullets.

Prenatal Vitamin D Levels Influence Growth and Body Composition until 11 Years in Boys

Background: Gestational vitamin D levels may influence offspring growth and modulate adipogenesis. Findings from prospective studies are inconsistent, and few have evaluated the persistence of these associations into late childhood. Objective: To examine the association between prenatal vitamin D levels and growth and adiposity in late childhood. Methods: We included 2027 mother–child pairs from the INMA birth cohort. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) levels were measured in serum at 13 weeks of pregnancy. Sex- and age-specific body mass index z-scores were calculated at 7 and 11 years, overweight was defined as z-score ≥ 85th percentile, and body fat mass was measured at 11 years. Z-score body mass index (zBMI) trajectories from birth to 11 years were identified using latent class growth analysis. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency (&lt;20 ng/mL) was 17.5%, and around 40% of the children had overweight at both ages. Associations between vitamin D levels and outcomes differed by sex. In boys, maternal vitamin D3 deficient status was associated with higher zBMI, higher fat mass percentage, higher odds of being overweight, and with an increased risk of belonging to lower birth size followed by accelerated BMI gain trajectory. In girls no associations were observed. Conclusion: Our results support a sex-specific programming effect of early pregnancy vitamin D3 levels on offspring body composition into late childhood observed in boys.

Evaluating the Feasibility of Pro-Neurotensin and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 as Possible Indicators for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications.

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome are associated with decreased vitamin D. In contrast, high pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) levels are linked with an increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the validity of pro-NT and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 levels as predictors for T2DM complications; (2) Methods: One hundred T2DM, and one hundred healthy volunteers participated in this case-control study. Their Pro-NT and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were evaluated using the ELISA technique; (3) Results: Pro-NT and 25 (OH) vitamin D3 have significant validity and accuracy in T2DM prediction, 84.5%, and 90.5%, respectively (p = 0.001). At a value of <29.5, 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 showed 88% sensitivity and 93% specificity in predicting T2DM. At a value of >124 Pmol/L, Pro-NT showed 81% sensitivity and 88% specificity in predicting T2DM. At a value of 16.5, 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 had 78.4% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity in predicting T2DM complications. At a value of >158 pmol/L, Pro-NT predicted T2DM complications with 67.6% sensitivity and 56.0% specificity; (4) Conclusions: 25 (OH) Vit D3 and Pro-NT could identify T2DM patients and predict T2DM complications. More extensive research is required to adequately validate this novel perspective with a large population study.

Establishment of a novel risk prediction model for recompression of augmented vertebrae at the thoracolumbar junction and modified puncture technique for prevention: a multicenter retrospective study.

Recompression of augmented vertebrae (RCAV) is often seen after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), especially at the thoracolumbar junction. The authors aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model (nomogram) for RCAV and to evaluate the efficacy of a modified puncture technique for RCAV prevention after PKP for thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). Patients who underwent PKP for single thoracolumbar OVFs (T10-L2) between January 2016 and October 2020 were reviewed and followed up for at least 2 years. All patients were randomly divided into a training group (70%) and a validation group (30%). Relevant potential data affecting recompression were collected. Predictors were screened by using binary logistic regression analysis to construct the nomogram. Calibration and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the consistency of the prediction models. Finally, the efficacy of the modified puncture technique for prevention of RCAV in OVF patients with a preoperative intravertebral cleft (IVC) was further demonstrated through binary logistic regression analysis. Overall, 394 patients were included and 116 of them (29.4%) sustained RCAV. The independent risk factors included decreased bone mineral density, lower level of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, larger C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), preoperative IVC, and solid-lump cement distribution. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.824 in the training group and 0.875 in the validation group patients. The calibration curve indicated the predictive power of this nomogram, with the preoperative IVC having the highest prediction accuracy (AUC 0.705). The modified puncture technique significantly reduced the incidence of RCAV by enhancing bone cement distribution into a sufficiently diffused distribution in OVF patients with preoperative IVC. The nomogram prediction model had satisfactory accuracy and clinical utility for identification of patients at low and high risk of postoperative RCAV. Patients at high risk of postoperative RCAV might benefit from the target puncture technique and vitamin D supplementation as well as effective antiosteoporotic therapies.

Differences and Clinical Significance of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and Vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) Levels in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy and Different Renal Injuries.

We investigate the relationship between the changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) and renal function injury in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. In this study, 143 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) were selected as DN group, and 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as T2DM group. The serum 25 (OH) D3, VASH-1, blood glucose index, inflammation index and renal function index were compared between the two groups. According to the urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), the DN group was divided into microalbuminuria group (UACR range≥30.0mg/g and <300.0mg/g) and macroalbuminuria group (UACR≥300.0mg/g) for stratified comparison. The correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, VASH-1 and inflammation index and renal function index was analyzed by simple linear correlation analysis. The level of 25 (OH) D3 in DN group was significantly lower than that in T2DM group (P<0.05). The levels of VASH-1, CysC, BUN, Scr, 24h urine protein, serum CRP, TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 in DN group were higher than those in T2DM group (P<0.05). The level of 25 (OH) D3 in DN patients with massive proteinuria was significantly lower than that in DN patients with microalbuminuria. The level of VASH-1 in DN patients with massive proteinuria was higher than that in DN patients with microalbuminuria (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between 25 (OH) D3 and CysC, BUN, Scr, 24h urine protein, CRP, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6 in patients with DN (P<0.05). VASH-1 was positively correlated with Scr, 24h urinary protein, CRP, TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with DN (P<0.05). The level of serum 25 (OH) D3 in DN patients was considerably decreased, and the level of VASH-1 was increased, which was related to the degree of renal function injury and inflammatory response.

Vitamin D and cathelicidin levels and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection acquisition in household contacts

IntroductionVitamin D deficiency has been proposed to confer susceptibility to acquiring tuberculosis infection by impairing the innate immune response. MethodsIn an exploratory study, we examined whether the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in serum, and cathelicidin – an antimicrobial peptide-induced under calcitriol – in the nasal fluid, would associate with the risk of acquiring tuberculosis infection. ResultsWithin a prospective cohort of 231 tuberculosis household contacts tested with repeated interferon-gamma release assays, we serially analyzed all the uninfected contacts acquiring tuberculosis infection at follow-up (“converters”, n=18), and an age and sex-matched control group of contacts not acquiring tuberculosis infection (“non-converters”, n=36). The median levels of serum 25(OH)D3 did not differ between convertors and non-converters at baseline (14.9 vs. 13.2 ng/ml, p=0.41), nor at follow-up (19.0 vs 18.6ng/ml, p=0.83). Similarly, cathelicidin levels did not differ between both groups. ConclusionThese data argue against a major role for hypovitaminosis D in tuberculosis infection susceptibility.

Clinical characteristics of 683 children and adolescents, aged 0–18 years, newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Henan Province: a single-center study

BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common chronic systemic disease that threatens the health of children worldwide. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most severe acute complication of diabetes and can lead to death. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, and risk factors for DKA in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1DM in the Department of Endocrinology of the Children’s Hospital of Henan Province.MethodsMedical records of 683 children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1DM in our center from March 2014 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The data included the general condition, laboratory indexes, and clinical symptoms. The patients were divided into three groups according to age: Group I, 0–3 years; Group II, 4–9 years; and Group III, 10–18 years.ResultsThe incidence of DKA was 62.96% and was highest in Group I. Group I had the lowest C-peptide and hemoglobin A1c, but the highest blood glucose at first diagnosis, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, hospitalization lengths, and medical costs. 25.5% of the children were delayed in diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated HbA1c levels and hyperglycemia were independent risk factors for DKA. On the other hand, C-peptide and 25- hydroxyvitamin D were protective factors for DKA.ConclusionsThe incidence of DKA among children and adolescents in the Henan Province is very high. Moreover, DKA can be easily delayed in diagnosis. Newly diagnosed infants with T1DM are more likely to present with DKA, suffer more severe metabolic disorders, endure longer hospital stays, and accrue higher medical costs.

ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH PCOS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinal disorder in the women of reproductive age group. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between Vitamin D and calcium levels in PCOS subjects as well as to establish the correlation between body mass index, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic syndrome in various phenotypes of PCOS. Methods: In the present prospective and observational study, a total of 80 patients diagnosed with PCOS were recruited. The recruited patients were divided in the following two groups - study group (60 women diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria); and control group (20 women without PCOS recruited from outpatient department and infertility clinics). Baseline characteristics, Vitamin D level, and serum calcium levels were measured in the two groups and then compared. Results: The mean age of patients in both the groups was found to be comparable (study group: 26.45±5.95 years versus control group: 28.40±6.65 years; p=0.221). The difference of mean 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 level was found to be statistically highly significant (study group 14.71 [±9.12] ng/mL versus control group was 22.47 [±6.71] ng/mL; p=0.0008). The difference of mean serum calcium level was also found to be statistically highly significant (study group 9.14 [±0.50] mg/mL, and control group 9.74 [±0.45] mg/mL; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Women with PCOS have a significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium levels as compared to controls. There is need for routine Vitamin D3 and calcium screening in all patients of PCOS for better insight into its role in the syndrome. Screening and correction of Vitamin D3 and calcium deficiency may prevent PCOS and its manifestations.

Growth and Nutritional Status of Phenylketonuric Children and Adolescents

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to assess the anthropometric and biochemical parameters of children and adolescents with phenylketonuria (PKU).MethodsThe participants in this cross-sectional study ranged in age from four to 18 years old. Biochemical markers such as vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, ferritin, calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, zinc, plasma phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) levels in blood were evaluated, as well as demographics and anthropometric measurements. A three-day dietary recall questionnaire was completed by all individuals.Results80% (64) of the 80 patients (42 females, 52.5%) had typical PKU. Consanguineous marriages were found in 57.5% (46) of the patients’ parents. According to the height for age index, 17.5% of the study group (n = 14) were short or very short. According to age-related weight and body mass index (BMI), 37.5% (n = 30) and 43.8% (n = 35) of people are obese or overweight, respectively. Biochemical tests revealed increased vitamin B12 levels and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 deficiency in 35% (n = 28) of the patients, insufficient folic acid in 12.5% (n = 10), and elevated phenylalanine levels in 70.3% (n = 45) of children under 12 years old, and adolescents 62.5% (n = 10). A high Phe intake (OR = 4.44, CI %95 = 1.27–15.57) is a risk factor for obesity and overweight.ConclusionPatients with PKU had a high rate of overweight and obesity. PKU patients who are overweight or obese do not differ from normal-weight patients in terms of dietary intake or laboratory findings (except for serum iron levels). One-third of patients with phenylketonuria were vitamin D deficient and had a BMI/A index of overweight/obese. It is recommended to use special medical food to help solve energy and nutrient deficiencies.

Vitamin D Status in Pediatric Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Child heart failure is frequently brought on by dilated cardiomyopathy and it is characterized by impaired contraction and left ventricular or biventricular dilation. Evidence from recent years has demonstrated that vitamin D is crucial in a number of cardiovascular illnesses that are now more well recognized. This study evaluated vitamin D status in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and compared it with that of healthy controls. This study is an observational case-control study, which included 23 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy aged less than 21 years of both genders, and a control group that included 45 healthy people who were matched for age, sex, and body mass index at the surgical specialty hospital-cardiac center in Erbil, Iraq. From each one, a blood sample was taken to evaluate the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, calcium, troponin I and creatin kinase-MB levels. The study revealed that the mean serum vitamin D3 level and mean serum calcium were significantly lower in dilated cardiomyopathy patients than controls, and significantly higher mean serum PTH and serum creatin kinase-MB in patients than controls. The difference in serum troponin I levels was not significant between the two groups. Furthermore, the study's outcomes revealed a substantial, moderately significant negative correlation between hypovitaminosis D and the dimensions of the left ventricle's end diastole and end systole in children with dilated cardiomyopathy

What's New in Musculoskeletal Basic Science.

What's New in Musculoskeletal Basic Science.

Migraine and vitamin D levels and the severity of headache in children

Introduction: A migraine is a condition where there is a headache that can cause severe throbbing paining or a pulsing sensation of pain on unilateral side of the head. It is a primary episodic headache disorder which is due to neurological, gastrointestinal, central nervous system and autonomic changes. The prime aim of the study was to determine the levels of vitamin D associated with the severity of headache in patients with migraine. Methods: A total number of 108 children diagnosed with migraine were evaluated. Levels of vitamin D and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 were measured by using ELISA method (enzyme-linked immunoassay). Serum vitamin D levels were defined as 30ng/ml. The severity of the headache was determined according to the MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment Score)., Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels of migraine patients were 18.6±4.9 ng/ml. As the level of vitamin D decreased, so the severity of the headache increased, with a higher Migraine Disability Assessment score grade (p 0.05) which shows closer inverse proportional association of vitamin-D levels with migraine. Conclusion: The high levels of headache are associated with reduced serum vitamin D levels in children with migraine.

Darkness hormone or daylight hormone in women with systemic lupus erythematosus?

In this study, it was aimed to compare the effects of both melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, defined as an immune modulator, on laboratory diagnostic criteria parameters and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study included 56 women with SLE and 40 healthy women (control group). Melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of patients and healthy individuals included in the study were examined. In addition, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, C3, C4, anti-double-stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA), antinuclear antibody, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) were analyzed in women with SLE. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to SLEDAI. Melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of women with SLE were lower than healthy women (p < 0.001). Both melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were not correlated with laboratory diagnostic criteria parameters. Only 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were correlated with leukocyte levels (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the melatonin levels of the subgroups. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of the subgroup without disease activity were higher than levels of the subgroups with disease activity (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between SLEDAI score and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (p < 0.05). Women with SLE had lower melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels than healthy women. On the other hand, parameters of laboratory diagnostic criteria of SLE disease were not related. Only 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were inversely related leukocyte levels. SLE disease activity was not correlated with melatonin levels but negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. Key Points • Women with SLE have low levels of melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. • Melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels are not related to the laboratory diagnostic criteria parameters for SLE disease. • Low levels of melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be a factor in the unbalanced immune system of SLE. • Supplementation of melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be recommended for women patients with SLE.

Feline Herpesvirüs Tip-1 İle Enfekte Kedilerde Vitamin D Düzeyleri

In this study, it was aimed to measure vitamin D levels in Feline Herpesvirus Type-1 (FeHV-1) infected cats and thus to determine its relationship with the disease activity. The animal material of this study was composed of 20 cats of different breeds, ages and genders, which showed clinical symptoms of the disease and were diagnosed with Feline Herpesvirus infection by rapid test. The control group of the study consisted of 10 cats of different breeds, ages and genders, which were healthy according to the results of routine physical examination, laboratory works, which were brought for the purpose of vaccination, and which were determined to be Feline Herpesvirus Type-1 antigen negative with the rapid test. Blood samples were taken from cats in both groups and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels were determined by the fluorescent immunoassay method. The mean standard deviation values of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in FeHV-1 infected cats and healthy cats were found to be 33.30 and 64.70 ng/ml, respectively. FeHV-1 infected cats showed a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels compared to healthy cats in the control group. As a result, vitamin D deficiency may have an effect on the formation of the disease.

Associations of Serum Total 25OHD, 25OHD3, and epi-25OHD3 with Insulin Resistance: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2016.

Background: Vitamin D may have a role in insulin sensitivity. However, the data on the association between various metabolites of Vitamin D and insulin-related parameters have been limited. Methods: We identified 6026 adults aged 20–80 years who participated in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum total 25OHD, 25OHD3, and epi-25OHD3, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA2-IR were obtained from the NHANES data. The association between serum Vitamin D-related values and insulin resistance was analyzed using a generalized linear model. For risk analysis, multifactorial logistic regression was used. Results: The median total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level were 62.5 nmol/L, 58.8 nmol/L, and 3.3 nmol/L, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, race, ethnicity, and education status, the ORs for the insulin resistance of participants of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were 0.32 (95% CI 0.24, 0.43), 0.34 (95% CI 0.26, 0.44), and 0.64 (95% CI 0.53, 0.77), respectively. After an adjustment for body mass index, diabetes, and drinking and smoking, the ORs for the insulin resistance of the participants for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were 0.56 (95% CI 0.40, 0.78), 0.63 (95% CI 0.46, 0.85), and 0.99 (95% CI 0.80, 1.24), respectively. Conclusions: Our study provides suggestive evidence for the association between Vitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of insulin resistance. Evidence from larger and more adequately powered cohort studies is needed to confirm our results.

Association between Circulating Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) levels increase progressively starting from early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stages. Vitamin D3 (vitD3) deficit is associated with a higher risk of diabetic microangiopathy. Reduced MMP-10 expression has been observed after exposure to vitD3. Aim: to assess how vitD3 status is related to MMP-10 levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: 256 patients with T2D were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical and serum MMP-10 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels were collected from each patient. The association between MMP-10 and (25(OH)D3) levels was assessed using a correlation analysis and fitting a multivariate linear regression model. Results: Serum MMP-10 levels were inversely correlated with circulating 25(OH)D3 (rho = −0.25; p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis this correlation was significant in patients with DKD (rho = −0.28; p = 0.001) and in subjects with vitD3 deficit (rho = −0.24; p = 0.005). In the regression model adjusted for kidney function, body adiposity, smoking and vitD supplementation MMP-10 levels were 68.7 pg/mL lower in patients with 25(OH)D3 > 20 ng/mL, with respect to ≤20 ng/mL (p = 0.006). Conclusions: vitD3 repletion status is an independent predictor of MMP-10 levels in T2D patients. Perhaps, high 25(OH)D3 values should be targeted in these patients in order to prevent vascular complications.

Correlations of inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa, serum inflammation, oxidative stresses and immune changes with vitamin deficiency in ulcerative colitis patients

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Studies in China and foreign countries have shown that vitamins have anti-inflammation and immunoregulation functions in patients with UC, but the specific mechanism is not yet clear. In this study, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa, serum inflammatory indexes, oxidative stress indexes and immune-related indexes were detected, and their correlations with vitamin deficiency and clinical significance were discussed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, immunohistochemistry was applied to examine the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa, serum inflammatory indexes, oxidative stress indexes and immune-related indexes were measured, and their correlations were analyzed. Inflammatory and oxidative stress indexes in the UC group were notably higher than in the control group. The Vitamin deficiency group had more inflammatory cytokines than the normal vitamin group. Oxidative stress indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the vitamin deficiency group were significantly different from those in the normal vitamin group, but no difference was found in myeloperoxidase (MPO). Immune-related indexes, complement 3 (C3) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), in the normal vitamin group were higher than those in the vitamin deficiency group. Besides, interleukin-4 (IL-4) (r=-0.37, p=0.04) and IL-1β (r=-0.31, p=0.04) had significant correlations with vitamins. Vitamins in patients with UC have significant correlations with inflammatory responses in vivo, which can be used to predict inflammatory responses in vivo and have strong clinical significance. Vitamins are also related to oxidative stresses to some extent but have little effect on immune-related indexes.

The effect of lactose intolerance on plasma glucose levels and related biochemical parameters

Aim: To determine the effect of lactose intolerance on serum glucose levels and related biochemical parameters in the adult population who refrain from consuming milk and milk products.&#x0D; Material and Method: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between January 2016 and December 2019 with 296 participants. Plasma glucose, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, folate, vitamin B12, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and ferritin levels were controlled. Patients with positive lactose intolerance test results were accepted as the study group and negative results were accepted as the control group, and data of two groups were compared.&#x0D; Results: Of the total 296 participants 212 (71.7%) were found to have lactose intolerance and 84 (28.3%) were found to be normal. In the lactose intolerant group, blood glucose levels were significantly lower than the control group (5.14±0.53 mmol/L versus 5.47±0.54 mmol/L, p

Evaluation of 25-hydroxy vitamin d3 levels in patients with small uterine myomas

Background; Uterine fibroid are the most frequent benign pelvic tumors between women in reproductive period group that has multifactorial pathogenesis. Modern ideas of uterine fibroid pathogenesis have included vitamin D as a vital component. Aim and objectives; was to study the link between 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels in cases having small uterine myomas. Subjects and methods; This is a case-control study, was conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics department outpatient clinic at Al Zahraa University Hospitals, on 60 women divided into two groups: (Study group); included Thirty cases having fibroid uterus, (Control group); included Thirty women who had no fibroid uterus. Result; When compared to controls, vitamin D3 levels in cases were considerably lower. Conclusion; Vitamin D looks to be a promising and valuable anti-UF treatment. More large, well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to look into the effectiveness of vitamin D in females with UFs of all ethnicities, especially those of color who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. As a result, vitamin D may become a viable treatment choice for UF, with the added benefit of its pleiotropic impact.

Early pregnancy vitamin D insufficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus.

To test the hypothesis that a link existed between vitamin D levels in the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were tested in the first trimester and pregnant outcomes were followed up in 1726 women. Only 5.9% of pregnant women have sufficient 25(OH)D3 . More women with GDM are in the status of 25(OH)D3 insufficiency than women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (p < 0.05). Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.047, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014-1.081), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.132, 95%CI: 1.092-1.173) were risk factors of GDM while 25-(OH) D3 (OR: 0.979, 95%CI: 0.960-0.999) was a protective factor. After adjusted for maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI, 25(OH)D3 insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) is an independent predictor of GDM (OR: 2.122, 95%CI: 1.084-4.155); 25(OH)D3 level correlated with fasting blood glucose in the first trimester negatively. Vitamin D insufficiency in early pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk for GDM in Chinese women.