Dimensional Theory Research Articles

Examining cross-cultural patterns in customer citizenship behavior: A cross-cultural exploration between Turkish and British airline passengers

Customer citizenship behavior (CCB) refers to actions that provide value to companies, such as offering feedback, being patient with disruptions, and assisting other customers. This is especially important in the airline industry, where services are provided collectively in a shared environment. Recognizing that the factors influencing CCB might differ based on national culture is crucial, particularly for the international operations of the airline industry. However, the impact of national culture on shaping CCB in this industry remains unclear. Using three theoretical lenses, namely expectation confirmation theory (ECT), social exchange theory (SET), and cultural dimensions theory (CDT), this study aims to investigate how national culture affects the formation of CCB through the proposed conceptual model. To achieve this, the study gathered responses from 743 passengers—both Turkish (n = 323) and British (n = 420)—using a structured web-based questionnaire. The analysis employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis (MGA). The results indicated that factors like service quality and value for money have a positive influence on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has a positive impact on behaviors such as giving feedback, advocating for the company, assisting others, and being patient with disruptions. The proposed relationships are also mediated by value for money and customer satisfaction. This study stands as the first effort to investigate how national culture moderates the formation of CCB in the context of the airline industry.

The translation of Chinese and Western business advertising slogans under Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory

The translation of Chinese and Western business advertising slogans under Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory

Frobenius–Schur indicators for twisted Real representation theory and two dimensional unoriented topological field theory

We construct a two dimensional unoriented open/closed topological field theory from a finite graded group π:Gˆ↠{1,−1}, a π-twisted 2-cocycle θˆ on BGˆ and a character λ:Gˆ→U(1). The underlying oriented theory is a twisted Dijkgraaf–Witten theory. The construction is based on a detailed study of the (Gˆ,θˆ,λ)-twisted Real representation theory of ker⁡π. In particular, twisted Real representations are boundary conditions of the unoriented theory and the generalized Frobenius–Schur element is its crosscap state.

Beyond Wilson? Carroll from current deformations

At extreme energies, both low and high, the spacetime symmetries of relativistic quantum field theories (QFTs) are expected to change with Galilean symmetries emerging in the very low energy domain and, as we will argue, Carrollian symmetries appearing at very high energies. The formulation of Wilsonian renormalisation group seems inadequate for handling these changes of the underlying Poincare symmetry of QFTs and it seems unlikely that these drastic changes can be seen within the realms of relativistic QFT. We show that contrary to this expectation, changes in the spacetime algebra occurs at the very edges of parameter space. In particular, we focus on the very high energy sector and show how bilinears of U(1) currents added to a two dimensional (massless) scalar field theory deform the relativistic spacetime conformal algebra to conformal Carroll as the effective coupling of the deformation is dialed to infinity. We demonstrate this using both a symmetric and an antisymmetric current-current deformation for theories with multiple scalar fields. These two operators generate distinct kinds of quantum flows in the coupling space, the symmetric driven by Bogoliubov transformations and the antisymmetric by spectral flows, both leading to Carrollian CFTs at the end of the flow.

Two-dimensional gauge anomalies and p-adic numbers

We show how methods of number theory can be used to study anomalies in gauge quantum field theories in spacetime dimension two. To wit, the anomaly cancellation conditions for the abelian part of the local anomaly admit solutions if and only if they admit solutions in the reals and in the p-adics for every prime p and we use this to build an algorithm to find all solutions.

Hydrodynamics as vs → c

I present the simplest 3+1 dimensional quantum field theory for which the speed of sound can be arbitrarily close to the speed of light. Examining the hydrodynamics, I find cases where the shear viscosity is finite, but the “shear relaxation coefficient” appears always to be divergently large.

Exploring Differences in Automotive Logo Design Between Chinese and Western Cultures Based on Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Theory

This paper, based on Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory, provides a cultural perspective on understanding domestic automotive design by comparing the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. The analysis of cultural dimension indexes in both Chinese and Western contexts reveals significant differences in IDV (individualism), MAS (masculinity), and LTO (long-term orientation). Through the comparison of three aspects: individualism vs collectivism, long-term vs short-term orientation, and long-term orientation vs short-term orientation, this paper explores the differences in automotive logo design resulting from variations in design form, aesthetic, and concept due to cultural disparities between China and the West. Additionally, well-known automotive brand cases in the market are cited for analysis. Based on the disparities in Chinese and Western cultures, this paper proposes that through cultural cross-pollination, domestic automotive logo designs can break away from homogeneity, offering insights for domestic automotive brands to expand into overseas markets through distinctive logo designs.

Reduced Tensor Network Formulation for Non-Abelian Gauge Theories in Arbitrary Dimensions

Abstract Formulating non-Abelian gauge theories as a tensor network is known to be challenging due to the internal degrees of freedom that result in the degeneracy in the singular value spectrum. In two dimensions, it is straightforward to “trace out” these degrees of freedom with the use of character expansion, giving a reduced tensor network where the degeneracy associated with the internal symmetry is eliminated. In this work, we show that such an index loop also exists in higher dimensions in the form of a closed tensor network that we call the “armillary sphere”. This allows us to completely eliminate the matrix indices and reduce the overall size of the tensors in the same way as is possible in two dimensions. This formulation allows us to include significantly more representations with the same tensor size, thus making it possible to reach a greater level of numerical accuracy in the tensor renormalization group computations.

Symmetry resolution in non-Lorentzian field theories

Starting from the computation of Symmetry Resolved Entanglement Entropy (SREE) for boosted intervals in a two dimensional Conformal Field Theory, we compute the same in various non-Lorentzian limits, viz, Galilean and Carrollian Conformal Field Theory in same number of dimensions. We approach the problem both from a limiting perspective and by using intrinsic symmetries of respective non-Lorentzian conformal algebras. In particular, we calculate the leading order terms, logarithmic terms, and the O1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{O}(1) $$\\end{document} terms and explicitly show exact compliance with equipartition of entanglement, even in the non-Lorentzian system. Keeping in mind the holographic origin of SREE for the Carrollian limit, we further compute SREE for BMS3-Kac-Moody, which couples a U(1) × U(1) theory with bulk gravity.

Einstein-Grisaru-Zanon gravity

The leading (α′)3-correction to the gravitational low-energy effective action of closed (type II) superstring theory in four-spacetime dimensions defines the Einstein-Grisaru-Zanon gravity action that is applied for a calculation of the leading corrections to the Schwarzschild solution and the Hubble function in the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe, in the first order with respect to the effective string-generated coupling. The solutions found are compared to the corresponding solutions in the Einstein-Bel-Robinson gravity that also modifies the Einstein gravity by the terms quartic in the spacetime curvature. We consider the black hole shadows in the Einstein-Grisaru-Zanon gravity theory and derive the upper bound on the string coupling parameter from the Hawking temperature of a black hole.

Analysis of the Cultural Dimensions of Indonesian People on Purchase Decisions: A Case Study of Karen's Diner Restaurant in Indonesia

This study uses a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative approach to analyse six elements of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. Data analysis was taken from four viral tweets collected with the keyword Karen's Diner on Twitter from December 15 to 22, 2022. The study results show that six elements of the Cultural Dimensions Theory are inherent in Indonesian consumers, so they oppose the concept of service presented by Karen's Diner. The element of power distance applies where most Indonesian people have been instilled with the idea that "the buyer is the king", so they do not tolerate the slightest bad action done by the seller. Uncertainty avoidance applies when the Indonesian people protest and urge Karen's Diner Indonesia to make clear written regulations and improve the restaurant's service procedures. The element of masculinity or femininity is represented by netizens who think the restaurant's existence will disappear quickly amid competition in the dynamic Indonesian F&B industry. The Long Term vs Short Term Orientation element applies where the public considers the concept of Karen's Diner Indonesia service intolerable and raises concerns about behavioural deviations in the future. The Indulgence vs Restraint element is represented by people who oppose things that can potentially offend Eastern norms, one of which is product marketing.

Stringy evidence for a universal pattern at infinite distance

Infinite distance limits in the moduli space of a quantum gravity theory are characterized by having infinite towers of states becoming light, as dictated by the Distance Conjecture in the Swampland program. These towers imply a drastic breakdown in the perturbative regimes of the effective field theory at a quantum gravity cut-off scale known as the species scale. In this work, we find a universal pattern satisfied in all known infinite distance limits of string theory compactifications, which relates the variation in field space of the mass of the tower and the species scale: ∇→mm·∇→ΛspΛsp=1d−2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\frac{\\overrightarrow{\ abla}m}{m}\\cdotp \\frac{\\overrightarrow{\ abla}{\\Lambda}_{\ extrm{sp}}}{\\Lambda_{\ extrm{sp}}}=\\frac{1}{d-2} $$\\end{document} in d spacetime dimensions. This implies a more precise definition of the Distance conjecture and sharp bounds for the exponential decay rates. We provide plethora of evidence in string theory in diverse dimensions and with different levels of supersymmetry, and identify some sufficient conditions that allow the pattern to hold from a bottom-up perspective.

A Cross-Cultural Study of University Students’ e-Learning Adoption

This study aims to investigate the differences in e-learning adoption among university students in Indonesia, Albania, Russia, and Kazakhstan and examine the role of cultural dimensions in explaining these differences. This research draws upon Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory to explore the impact of culture on e-learning adoption in diverse global contexts. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of university students from the four countries, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis (MGA) techniques. The findings reveal significant differences in e-learning adoption among the four countries, with learner engagement, learning satisfaction, and technology accessibility exhibiting varying levels of influence on e-learning adoption. The multi-group analysis indicates that cultural dimensions partially explain these differences, highlighting the importance of considering cultural factors when examining e-learning adoption in diverse settings. This study fills a gap in cross-cultural e-learning research, offering key insights into factors shaping students’ adoption of online platforms worldwide. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural considerations for educators, policymakers, and e-learning developers in global higher education. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the complex interplay between culture and e-learning adoption by demonstrating the explanatory power of cultural dimensions. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-03-015 Full Text: PDF

Asymptotic structure of higher dimensional Yang-Mills theory

Using the covariant phase space formalism, we construct the phase space for non-Abelian gauge theories in (d+2)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime for any d ≥ 2, including the edge modes that symplectically pair to the low energy degrees of freedom of the gauge field. Despite the fact that the symplectic form in odd and even-dimensional spacetimes appear ostensibly different, we demonstrate that both cases can be treated in a unified manner by utilizing the shadow transform. Upon quantization, we recover the algebra of the vacuum sector of the Hilbert space and derive a Ward identity that implies the leading soft gluon theorem in (d+2)-dimensional spacetime.

Invertible topological field theories

AbstractA ‐dimensional invertible topological field theory (TFT) is a functor from the symmetric monoidal ‐category of ‐bordisms (embedded into and equipped with a tangential ‐structure) that lands in the Picard subcategory of the target symmetric monoidal ‐category. We classify these field theories in terms of the cohomology of the ‐connective cover of the Madsen–Tillmann spectrum. This is accomplished by identifying the classifying space of the ‐category of bordisms with as an ‐space. This generalizes the celebrated result of Galatius–Madsen–Tillmann–Weiss (Acta Math. 202 (2009), no. 2, 195–239) in the case , and of Bökstedt–Madsen (An alpine expedition through algebraic topology, vol. 617, Contemp. Math., Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2014, pp. 39–80) in the ‐uple case. We also obtain results for the ‐category of ‐bordisms embedding into a fixed ambient manifold , generalizing results of Randal–Williams (Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2011 (2011), no. 3, 572–608) in the case . We give two applications: (1) we completely compute all extended and partially extended invertible TFTs with target a certain category of ‐vector spaces (for ), and (2) we use this to give a negative answer to a question raised by Gilmer and Masbaum (Forum Math. 25 (2013), no. 5, 1067–1106. arXiv:0912.4706).

Effects of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment and employee engagement: a comparative study of Bangladesh and Thailand

PurposeGrounded in the transformational leadership theory, conservation of resource theory and job demands-resources model, this paper aims to examine the effect of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment and employee engagement of faculty members in Bangladesh and Thailand. This study also integrates Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory to justify whether transformational leadership could affect psychological empowerment of faculty members in these two countries differently.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from a total of 457 faculty members from two universities in Bangladesh (n = 243) and two universities in Thailand (n = 241). This study used partial least squares structural equation modeling for analyzing the proposed model.FindingsThe evidence shows that faculty members who worked for department heads and who exhibited transformational leadership demonstrated high level of psychological empowerment and employee engagement. Psychological empowerment also mediates the effect of transformational leadership on employee engagement. Moreover, the degree to which transformational leadership positively affects psychological empowerment is stronger for faculty members in a higher power distance culture (Thailand) than for those faculty members in a lower power distance culture (Bangladesh).Practical implicationsBecause human capital plays a crucial role in determining the potential of universities to achieve superior performance, universities should provide leadership training to help department heads understand the key elements of transformational leadership and apply them in their management practices to promote empowerment and engagement of their faculty members.Originality/valueThe finding provides new evidence that broadens the knowledge from existing research about the cross-cultural effectiveness of transformational leadership, which has not been explored in the area of psychological empowerment.

Categorical-symmetry resolved entanglement in conformal field theory

We propose a symmetry resolution of entanglement for categorical noninvertible symmetries (CaT-SREE) in (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theories. The definition parallels that of grouplike invertible symmetries, employing the concept of symmetric boundary states with respect to a categorical symmetry. Our examination extends to rational conformal field theories, where the behavior of CaT-SREE mirrors that of grouplike invertible symmetries. We find that CaT-SREE can be defined if there is no obstruction to gauging the categorical symmetry, as happens in the case of grouplike symmetries. We also provide instances of the breakdown of entanglement equipartition at the next-to-leading order in the cutoff expansion. Our findings shed light on how the interplay between conformal boundary conditions and categorical symmetries lead to specific patterns in the entanglement entropy. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Bootstrapping boundary QED. Part I

We use the numerical conformal bootstrap to study boundary quantum electrodynamics, the theory of a four dimensional photon in a half space coupled to charged conformal matter on the boundary. This system is believed to be a boundary conformal field theory with an exactly marginal coupling corresponding to the strength of the interaction between the photon and the matter degrees of freedom. In part one of this project, we present three results. We show how the Maxwell equations put severe constraints on boundary three-point functions involving two currents and a symmetric traceless tensor. We use semi-definite programming to show that any three dimensional conformal field theory with a global U(1) symmetry must have a spin two gap less than about 1.05. Finally, combining a numerical bound on an OPE coefficient and some Ward identities involving the current and the displacement operator, we bound the displacement operator two-point function above. This upper bound also constrains a boundary contribution to the anomaly in the trace of the stress tensor for these types of theories.

Enhancing Physical Performance Through Digital Theatre

Abstract Ben Pettitt-Wade, Artistic Director at Hijinx Theatre, spoke to Grant Powell MBCS about how a move toward tech during Covid has led to an innovative and immersive dimension of theatre.

Choose to Be More Individualistic or Collectivistic? A Reflection on Marriage Practice in Contemporary Chinese Society

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of individualism and collectivism within the context of Chinese modernization, particularly in the realm of marriage practices. Drawing upon Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory, this research conducts two case studies of nominal marriage and marriage migration among rural migrants to assess whether social value in contemporary society reflects a shifting balance between these two values. It finds that there is a trend of departure between biological small self and societal greater self under the modernized environment. Though emerging attention has been paid to individualistic desires for seeking true loves, people still value their social identity when the small- and great- self conflict with each other, possibly through making a compromise to orthodoxy or wrapping themselves in the cloak of individualism to integrate into the so-called modernized urbanites group. Thus, it also indicates that it is hard to define a certain national culture whether appears more individualistic or collectivistic since it depends on what scale it would be measured.