1st Round Research Articles

도시네트워크 특성에 따른 신도시 경제적 자족성 기준 연구

공간구조가 다핵분산형으로 전환되면서 도시 간 네트워크적 연계를 통한 경쟁력 강화가 중요한 이슈로 등장하고 있다. 이에 따라 지역거점으로서의 신도시 역할, 특히 적절한 산업기능의 확보가 필요하지만 현행 신도시의 경제적 기준은 규모에 따른 일괄적 기준을 제시하고 있어 권역 내 신도시의 위상을 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기존 신도시에 대한 네트워크 분석을 통해 신도시 유형을 구분하고 이러한 유형과 규모에 따른 경제적 자족성 계획기준을 검토하였다. 연구방법으로는 국 내외 신도시 산업용지에 대한 사례 분석 및 1, 2기 신도시에 대한 네트워크 분석방법을 적용하였다. 네트워크 특성은 다양한 지표로 나타나는 바, 본 연구는 연결중심성, 근접중심성 지표를 활용하여 신도시의 네트워크적 위상에 따른 유형을 단핵집중형, 분산집중형, 모도시종속형으로 구분하였다. 이와 같은 유형구분을 바탕으로 신도시 규모별 자족시설용지 확보기준을 재검토하였다. 본 연구결과는 지속가능한 신도시계획기준 및 택지개발업무처리지침의 개선 및 개발계획 수립 변경을 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있다. As the spatial structure of a region is evolving into a decentralized multi-nucli model, networked connection among cities in a region is emerging as an important issue to strengthen regional competitiveness. This paper focused on the limitation of current new town planning criteria which just suggest a uniform standard for economic self-sufficiency by new-town size, without representing the network characteristics of new town. If a new town is planned as a economic strongpoint within a region, it needs to secure appropriate industrial functions. This study classified the characteristics of new towns by network analysis and reviewed the economic self-sufficiency criteria by new town types. Using various network connectedness indices, the 1st and 2nd round new towns in the capital region were analyzed, and land-use distribution of new-towns in other countries were also examined comparatively. The network characteristics of new towns are classified as three types: mono-nucleus, distributed center, and dependent. Based on this classification, planning criteria for self-sufficiency were compared among 6 new towns. This study provides implications for the amendment of "the sustainable new town planning criteria" or the revision of development plans.

Thyroid cancer under 19 in Fukushima: The fourth report from the second round screening

Introduction: After the nuclear power plant accident in March 2011, Fukushima Prefecture planned a 3-year thyroid screening (1st round) for all children ages ≤18 years at the accident. Then, the 2nd round is being conducted from April 2014 to March 2016. We report the latest results based on the data until Dec 31, 2015. Methods: We divided Fukushima Prefecture into 9 districts: (a) Nearest area (i.e., the most contaminated); (b) North middle; (c) Central middle; (d) Koriyama city; (e) South middle; (f) Iwaki city; (g) Southeastern; (h) Western; and (i) Northeastern. The districts (f), (g), and (h) correspond to the “less affected location” by the World Health Organization. As an external comparison, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for thyroid cancer in the districts, compared with its annual incidence estimate among 5–24 ages from the Japanese National Cancer Center (i.e., 5 per 1,000,000). The time elapsed between the 1st and the 2nd round screening was 2.5 years in district (a) and 2 years in the rest. Results: IRRs (95% confidence interval: Number of cases) were (a) 38 (22–62: 16); (b) 20 (9–38: 9); (c) 25 (7–64: 4); (d) 33 (18–54: 15); (e) 6.9 (0.2–38: 1); (f) 6.1 (0.7–22: 2); (g) 7.5 (0.9–27: 2); (h) 6.3 (0.2–35: 1); and (i) 18 (0.5–102: 1) under an assumption that no cancer cases exist in the rest of examinees. Proportions of those who had a detailed examination among those with positive findings in the screening were 84.0% (279/332) in the Nearest area, 78.6% (990/1,260) in the middle, and 32.6% (182/559) in the least contaminated. Conclusions: We observed 20–38 folds excess of thyroid cancer incidence in the 4 districts (a)–(d) where more than 70% had detailed examinations. Although diagnostic decision of the 2nd round screening and its detailed examinations are still ongoing, the excess is unlikely explained by “screening effect” because the “harvesting” would have occurred mostly in the 1st round screening.

How many interesting points should be used in a template attack?

Considering that one can fully characterize and exploit the power leakages of the reference device in the process of recovering the secret key used by the target device, template attack (TA) is broadly accepted as the strongest power analysis attack from the perspective of information theory. In order to fully exploit the power leakages of the reference device, one usually has to concern the power leakages at different interesting points. Then, a natural question is how many interesting points should be used in a TA? We note that the number of interesting points one uses directly decides the profiling efficiency of TA. In light of this, we evaluate the optimal number of interesting points in simulated scenarios, and the evaluation results bring us an empirically useful formula. Then, in order to validate the empirical formula, we perform TA using power traces provided by DPA Contest v4.1. In the real scenario, the correlation method is used to select the interesting points, and the S-Box output of the 1st round AES encryption is chosen as the target intermediate value. Evaluation results show that the empirical formula is indeed correct and can be useful in practice.

흡연자와 비흡연자의 치아건강도 비교

본 연구는 흡연자와 비흡연자의 치아건강도를 비교하고자 19세 이상 성인들을 대상으로 제6기 1차(2013년)와 2차년도(2014년) 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 분석하여, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 인구사회학적 특성에 따라 흡연자와 비흡연자의 치아건강도를 비교한 결과, T-health 지수는 흡연자와 비흡연자 모두 성별, 연령, 교육수준이 통계적으로 유의하였고, FS-T 지수는 흡연자에서는 연령, 소득수준, 교육수준에서 통계적으로 유의하였으며, 비흡연자에서는 성별, 연령, 교육수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). PT와 ST 및 MT는 흡연자에서는 연령, 교육수준이 통계적으로 유의하였고, 비흡연자에서는 성별, 연령, 교육수준에서 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 흡연자와 비흡연자의 치아건강도를 비교한 결과, T-health 지수는 비흡연자보다 흡연자에서 더 높았고, FS-T지수는 흡연자보다 비흡연자에서 더 높았으며, PT와 ST도 흡연자보다 비흡연자에서 더 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 현재흡연자와 과거흡연자의 치아건강도를 비교한 결과, FS-T 지수는 과거흡연자보다 현재흡연자에서 높았고, PT와 ST도 과거흡연자보다 현재흡연자에서 많은 것으로 나타났으며, MT는 현재흡연자가 과거흡연자에 비해 적은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 흡연자보다 비흡연자에서 치아건강도가 더 좋은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 흡연자와 비흡연자의 치아건강도에 분명한 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀져, 금연치료 시 객관적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. The purpose of this study is to compare the dental health capacity of smokers and nonsmokers. This study included 9,856 adults aged 19 years or older. The data used for analysis were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey for the 6th round, 1st (2013), and 2nd round (2014). Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of complex sample survey data. The demographic characteristics and results of the comparison of the dental health capacity between smokers and nonsmokers were as follows: with regard to the tissue health (T-health) index, the sex, age, and education level were statistically significant in smokers and nonsmokers. For the functioning teeth (FS-T) index, age, income, and education levels were statistically significant in smokers, while sex, age, and education level were statistically significant in nonsmokers. In smokers, the age and education level were statistically significant for present teeth (PT), sound teeth (ST), and missing teeth (MT), while in nonsmokers, the sex, age, and education level were statistically significant for the same parameters (p<0.05). A comparison of the dental health capacity between smokers and nonsmokers yielded the following findings: the T-health index was higher in smokers, while the FS-T index was higher in nonsmokers. PT and ST were higher in nonsmokers (p<0.05). The results of this study show that the dental health capacity of nonsmokers was higher than that of smokers. Therefore, a clear difference was observed in the dental health capacity of smokers and nonsmokers. The results of this study can provide objective data for nonsmoking treatment.

Vaccination of stray dogs against rabies is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of human rabies

Background: Human Rabies is mainly infected through the dog bites in Sri Lanka. Mass vaccination against rabies and surgical sterilization are new strategies implemented for control of rabies in stray dogs after 2006 instead of mass culling. WHO recommends 70% vaccination coverage for eradication of rabies in dog population. Objectives were to survey stray dog population in Municipality, Dehiwala area (21 km2) and to assess the effect of two consecutive mass vaccination of them against rabies. Methods & Materials: 8 wards out of 29 wards were selected randomly as samples for surveillance. Counting was carried out five days between 6.30 am. and 9 am. in 8 wards.Road maps of the respective wards were utilized to identify the boundaries and to cover the entire roads of the respective ward. Dogs visible on the road at the time of counting were only considered. After completion of surveillance, vaccination was carried out ward by ward in a sequence to cover the entire 29 wards from October 2013 to March 2014 and from October 2014 to March 2015 for 1st and 2nd round vaccination respectively. Red and blue collars were used for identification of vaccinated dogs for 1st and 2nd round respectively. Dogs were caught with the aid of catching nets. After subcutaneous administration of vaccine (Rabisin®) dogs were released to same locality (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3).Figure 2Image of a stray dog being worn a collar for identification after vaccination.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Figure 3Image of vaccinating a stray dog.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Results: Estimated stray dog population is 1398 (CI±386). First and second round vaccination coverages were 97% (1364) and 88% (1231) respectively. 17 rabid dogs were reported in 2013. After vaccination commenced, the prevalence of rabid dogs in 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarters of 2014 was zero. 2 positive cases were reported only for 4th quarter of 2014. Positive rabid cases were not reported up to 3rd quarter of 2015. Conclusion: Pre- exposure vaccination with the phenomenon of ‘herd immunity’ has marked impact on prevalence of canine rabid cases. Making comprehensive multi year vaccination plans with reliable, high quality vaccine of prolong immunity can improve herd immunity of dog population to reduce the risk of human rabies. Follow up with systematic revaccination and vaccination of additions to dog population are also important to maintain herd immunity.

Work and rest peak heart rate variability response during the different technical and tactical situations of elite kickboxers

The aim of this study is to define a quantitative model of physiological responses of the cardiovascular system to different technical and tactical (TE-TA) situations and two different standard tasks used in kickboxer training and real competitive activities so that the coach is able to accomplish impact and efficiency control of competitor preparedness. The sample consisted of nine healthy, highly trained subjects who are active competitors in kickboxing (age 19.9 ± 3.5 years, body height 177.9 ± 5.2 cm, weight 69.1 ± 8.3 kg, training years 3.4 ± 0.7 years, overall number of matches 10.2 ± 3.7). The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the different TE-TA situations: 1) in the heart rate decrease between the 1st and 2nd rounds of F = 4.99, p = 0.015; 2) in the heart rate decrease between the 2nd and 3rd rounds of F = 5.01, p = 0.015. The obtained results show that during a match competitors achieve statistically significant higher values of peak heart rate (HRpeak) when compared to bag punching and kicking and sparring (meanHRpeakM is 190.11 vs 185.56 and 185.78 for meanHRpeakB and meanHRpeakS, respectively). The mean decrease of HRpeak for bag punching and kicking, sparring, and match is 23%, 18%, and 14%, respectively.

Changes in blood lactate concentrations during taekwondo combat simulation.

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate response before, during and after simulated taekwondo fight in young male athletes. The experiment was composed of simulated official taekwondo fight. During the experiment a total of 7 blood samples (25 μL) were collected that following: at rest, after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd rounds, and 3, 5, and 10 min after the end of combat. The results showed that blood lactate concentrations [Lac]B increased significantly after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd rounds of the combat compared to the rested values. The [Lac]B after 3rd round was higher when compared to 3, 5, and 10 min of recovery. After 10 min of passive recovery, the [Lac]B was significantly lesser than 3 and 5 min of recovery, and 2nd round. These data showed that taekwondo requires high activation of anaerobic lactic metabolism, and improves the ability to rapidly remove the lactate from blood.

Fruit and Vegetable (FV) Guide Development for Parents of Preschoolers: Qualitative Analysis

FV have many benefits, yet intakes continue to fall short of recommendations. Thus, a guide promoting FV intake and availability in the home was developed using social cognitive theory concepts and motivational interviewing techniques. Parents of preschoolers (n=216) were surveyed to determine current FV intake; 18 participated in the 1st round of cognitive test interviews conducted by trained researchers and 19 participated in the 2nd round to determine guide comprehension, aspects perceived as useful and needed improvements. Two‐thirds of surveyed parents ate &gt;2 fruits 蠅5 days/week; ~half ate &gt;2 vegetables &gt;5 days/week. Qualitative content analysis of round 1 revealed that Spanish (n=10) and English speakers (n=8) understood content, felt the information was useful, especially sections on FV benefits, reflective questions, observational learning and tips for increasing intake. English‐speakers suggested shortening the guide, reducing repetition, and clarifying portion size information. Spanish‐speakers expressed concern about cost of increasing FV intake, were confused about benefits of canned FV, and requested recipes and ideas to make FV more appealing. The guide was revised using Round 1 results, formatted as a mini‐magazine then underwent a 2nd round of cognitive testing. Spanish (n=10) and English (n=9) parents expressed satisfaction. Spanish speakers were motivated by content about the nutrition of FV whereas English speakers were motivated by tips given by other parents. The guide was well‐received; parents expressed great interest in the content, felt the guide was easily understood and beneficial, with minor suggestions for improvement. The refined FV guide has the potential to increase FV intake in families with preschoolers. USDA NIFA #2011‐68001‐30170

An analytical study of some basket ball skills in the world Cup championship in Spain 2014

1- To recognize the studied skills differences between the Egyptian and the American national teams during the 1st round matches of the World Cup championship.

Improved 5-year survival of patients with immunochemical faecal blood test-screen-detected colorectal cancer versus non-screening cancers in northern Italy

BackgroundColorectal cancer screening may reduce disease-related mortality by early-stage detection of cancers. AimsTo study the effect of a single immunochemical faecal occult blood test (i-FOBt) screening round on reduction in colorectal cancer-related-mortality among average risk subjects. MethodsComparison of 5-year mortality rates in 3 cohorts from a Northern Italian province: (1) colorectal cancers detected at the 1st biennial round of a mass-screening programme targeting 50–69 years old subjects, (2) non-screening cancers symptomatically diagnosed during the same time period, and (3) cancers detected in the pre-screening biennium. Multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox regression model including tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage at diagnosis, anatomical distribution of cancers, age at diagnosis, gender and patient group. Kaplan–Meyer survival estimates and log-rank test for equality of survivor functions were calculated. ResultsStage distribution significantly differed between screening and non-screening colorectal cancers: 73% of screen-detected colorectal cancers were stages I and II versus 43% and 40% of non-screening and pre-screening colorectal cancers. Cumulative 5-year mortality rate was significantly lower in screening compared to non-screening or pre-screening colorectal cancers patients (19% versus 37% and 41%, p<0.001). ConclusionsColorectal cancers were detected at earlier stages in i-FOBT-positive subjects in comparison with non-screening patients; colorectal cancers found at screening had a significantly improved 5-year survival.

Pupils Creative Activity in Textile Art at Competition

The open olympiads of home economics and technologies encourage pupils of grades 5-9 to be creative in applying textile techniques. They also popularize textile art. Purpose of the study is to analyse the results of pupils’ creative work during the 10th open olympiad of home economics and technologies. Method: analysis of textile works. 376 pupils’ works from the 1st round and 85 works of the 2nd round have been analysed and assessed according to the following criteria: compliance with the task, unity of composition, composition of colours, compatibility of materials, originality, quality of the technical accomplishment, functionality. In the olympiad traditional Latvian handicraft techniques and materials as well as elements of other cultures and modern materials have been used. The originality of works submitted for the 1st round is expressed in seek of untraditional forms, techniques and combination of materials. The analysis performed on the 2nd round of works reveals that creativeness appears in the selection of materials, attuning and combining techniques to a greater extent than in the design of composition.

Radiology registrar on-call reporting accuracy

Radiology registrar on-call reporting accuracy

Expectations of Clinical Teachers and Faculty Regarding Development of the CanMEDS-Family Medicine Competencies: Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine Residency Training

Background: The CanMEDS-Family Medicine (CanMEDS-FM) framework defines the expected terminal enabling competencies (EC) for family medicine (FM) residency training in Canada. However, benchmarks throughout the 2-year program are not yet defined. Purposes: This study aimed to identify expected time frames for achievement of the CanMEDS-FM competencies during FM residency training and create a developmental benchmarks scale for family medicine residency training. Methods: This 2011–2012 study followed a Delphi methodology. Selected faculty and clinical teachers identified, via questionnaire, the expected time of EC achievement from beginning of residency to one year in practice (0, 6, 12, […] 36 months). The 15–85th percentile intervals became the expected competency achievement interval. Content validity of the obtained benchmarks was assessed through a second Delphi round. Results: The 1st and 2nd rounds were completed by 33 and 27 respondents, respectively. A developmental benchmarks scale was designed after the 1st round to illustrate expectations regarding achievement of each EC. The 2nd round (content validation) led to minor adjustments (1.9 ± 2.7 months) of intervals for 44 of the 92 competencies, the others remaining unchanged. Conclusions: The Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine clarifies expectations regarding achievement of competencies throughout FM training. In a competency-based education system this now allows identification and management of outlying residents, both those excelling and needing remediation. Further research should focus on assessment of the scale reliability after pilot implementation in family medicine clinical teaching units at Laval University, and corroborate the established timeline in other sites.

Participation and risk of high grade cytological lesions among immigrants and Italian-born women in an organized cervical cancer screening program in Central Italy.

Few studies analyzed the risk for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) among immigrants and natives attending organized cervical cancer (CC) screening programs (SP). We evaluated participation and diagnosis of HSIL+ by country of birth with logistic models. Overall 540,779 invitation letters were delivered to target women of Florence SP in three screening rounds (years 2000-2002, 2003-2005, 2006-2008). The probability of attending screening was lower for immigrants than natives, but the difference decreased from 35% (1st round) to 20% (2nd-3rd round) for women born in high migration pressure (HMP) countries. The risk of HSIL+ was double than natives for HMP-born women from countries with high prevalence of human papillomavirus, even adjusting for age and previous history of Pap test. This is an important public health problem due to an increasing proportion over time of immigrant women with a lower attendance and greater risk for CC.

Combination of 2D/3D ligand-based similarity search in rapid virtual screening from multimillion compound repositories. Selection and biological evaluation of potential PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors.

Rapid in silico selection of target focused libraries from commercial repositories is an attractive and cost effective approach. If structures of active compounds are available rapid 2D similarity search can be performed on multimillion compound databases but the generated library requires further focusing by various 2D/3D chemoinformatics tools. We report here a combination of the 2D approach with a ligand-based 3D method (Screen3D) which applies flexible matching to align reference and target compounds in a dynamic manner and thus to assess their structural and conformational similarity. In the first case study we compared the 2D and 3D similarity scores on an existing dataset derived from the biological evaluation of a PDE5 focused library. Based on the obtained similarity metrices a fusion score was proposed. The fusion score was applied to refine the 2D similarity search in a second case study where we aimed at selecting and evaluating a PDE4B focused library. The application of this fused 2D/3D similarity measure led to an increase of the hit rate from 8.5% (1st round, 47% inhibition at 10 µM) to 28.5% (2nd round at 50% inhibition at 10 µM) and the best two hits had 53 nM inhibitory activities.

Su1224 Participation in the First Four Rounds of the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program With Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Test Conducted in the Haut-Rhin (Alsace, France)

Organized screening programs depend on high participation rates to be effective and efficient. Whether uptake rates obtained in randomized controlled trials on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) are transposable in the real world is questionable. gFOBT has several drawbacks, one is the requirement for frequent testing, which may limit compliance. Aim: To assess participation in the first 4 rounds of an organized CRC screening program using gFOBT. Methods: Comparison of the determinants of participation in the first 4 rounds (R1 to R4) of the CRC screening programwith Hemoccult II implemented since 2003 in the Haut-Rhin, a French administrative area. We performed a population-based open cohort study of all average risk residents aged 50 74 years. They were invited to participate every other year. A first letter invited them to visit their general practitioner (GP) for CRC screening. Three recall letters were mailed to all those who had not complied, the second with a gFOBT kit. Results: Main results are presented in the table. The decrease in uptake was similar in men and women and was observed in all age groups except the 70 74 year age group. Overall, after 4 rounds, 242,292 persons had been invited and 34545 (14.3%) had completed 4 tests, 26675 (11.0%) 3 tests, 37193 (15.4%) 2 tests and 50070 (20.7%) 1 test. Overall, 148,483 (61.3%) persons had been screened at least once. Of 86,694 people who were eligible in all rounds, 34,545 (39.8%) had completed all the 4 tests, 8679 (10.0%) 3 tests, 8099 (9.3%) 2 tests, 6552 (7.6%) 1 test, and 28,819 (33.2%) 0 test. The uptake following the 2nd, 3rd and 4th invitation in people who never complied before was 17.0%, 8.8% and 5.5%, respectively. 16% of people who had participated in Rn did not participate in Rn+1. The proportion of people screened by GPs increased significantly from 76.9% in the 1st round to 84.0% in the 4th (p<0.01) while that of people screened by direct mailing of the gFOBT kit decreased significantly from 15.6% to 12.1% (p<0.01). The proportion of uptake following the first 2 invitation letters increased from R1 to R4 from 78.4% to 86.9%, while that following the mailing of the gFOBT kit decreased from 15.3% to 7.8%. The uptake decreased between years 2008 2009 and 2011 2012 from 34.3% to 31.7% in France and from 51.3% to 47.1% in our region. The latter uptake was among the highest achieved in France, where it varied from 7.1% to 51.4% depending on regions. Conclusion: The uptake and adherence to repeat testing are modest and deteriorate with time in the French organized population-based gFOBT CRC screening program, so that the reduction in CRC mortality will be significantly lower than in the trials. Effort is needed to enhance uptake and to reduce inequalities in participation related to sex, age, place of residence and deprivation.

Impact of surgical case order on perioperative outcomes for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Objectives:Since its introduction, there have been many refinements in the technique and implementation of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). However, it is unclear whether operative outcomes are influenced by surgical case order. We evaluated the effect of case order on perioperative outcomes for RARP within a large health maintenance organization.Materials and Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of RARP cases performed at our institution from September 2008 to December 2010 using a single robotic platform. Case order was determined from surgical schedules each day and surgeries were grouped into 1st, 2nd and 3rd round cases. Fourth round cases (n = 1) were excluded from analysis. We compared clinicopathological variables including operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), surgical margin rates and complication rates between groups.Results:Of the 1018 RARP cases in this cohort, 476 (47%) were performed as 1st round cases, 398 (39%) 2nd round cases and 144 (14%) 3rd round cases by a total of 18 surgeons. Mean operative time was shorter as cases were performed later in the day (213 min vs. 209 min vs. 180 min, P < 0.0001) and similarly, EBL also decreased with surgical order (136 mL vs. 134 mL vs. 103 mL, P = 0.01). Transfusion rates, surgical margin rates and complication rates did not significantly differ between groups. Patients undergoing RARP later in the day were much more likely to have a hospital stay of 2 or more days than earlier cases (10% vs. 11% vs. 32%, P = 0.01).Conclusions:Surgical case order may influence perioperative outcomes for RARP with decreased operative times and increased length of hospital stay associated with later cases. These findings indicate that select perioperative factors may improve with ascending case order as the surgical team “warms up” during the day. In addition, 3rd round cases can increase hospital costs associated with increased lengths of hospital stay. Knowledge of these differences may assist in surgical planning to improve outcomes and limit costs.

Scenarios of Thailand Secondary Education within B.E. 2570

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the current situation and problems of Thailand secondary education 2) to propose the Scenarios of Thailand Secondary Education within B.E 2570 by using EDFR (Ethnographic Delphi Futures Research) The 1st Phase: the study of current situation and problems of Thailand secondary education. The 2nd Phrase: the four steps of EDFR; Step 1 (1st round of EDFR) expert interviews using a semi-structured interview, summary of possible trends by using NVivo. Step 2 (2nd round of EDFR) trend analysis by using 12 expert questionnaires to find out Medians and Inter Quartile Range. Step 3 (3rd round of EDFR) the expert verification and consensus by using 12 expert questionnaires to find out Medians and Inter Quartile Range. Step 4 writing Scenarios of Thailand Secondary Education within B.E 2570. Research results showed that there were four aspects of current Thailand Secondary Education ; Learning and teaching aspects, Educational personnel aspect, Budget aspect, and Educational administration aspect. The Scenarios of Thailand Secondary Education within B.E 2570 would be 1) 12 possible trends of Learning and teaching aspects 2) 11 possible trends of Educational personnel aspect 3) 6 possible trends of budget aspect and 4) 10 possible trends of Educational administration aspect.In summary, the Scenarios of Thailand Secondary Education within B.E 2570 according to this research could be conclude for the preparation of educational policy in secondary education which accord to educational plan of the office of education council to develop education with high efficiency and internationalize.

Delphi Study - A Comprehensive Method for Outlining Aspects and Approaches of Modern Science Education

In the last period, there are several studies that emphasized a drop of young students’ interest for the Science lessons. In order to alleviate this tendency, Valahia University Targoviste started together with other 21 institutions from 20 countries to implement the FP7 European Research Project “PROFILES - Professional Reflection-Oriented Focus on Inquiry-based Learning and Education through Science”. The aim of the project is to promote Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) through “raising the self-efficacy of science teachers to take ownership of more effective ways of teaching students, supported by stakeholders” (PROFILES Consortium, 2010). In order to achieve the aim of the project, the partners agreed to carry out a curricular Delphi Study with the view to engage various stakeholders in reflecting on contents and aims of Science Education as well as in outlining aspects and approaches of modern Science Education. In this paper, the framework, the procedure and the interim results of the 1st round of Curricular Delphi Study on Science Education, carried out by Romanian partner, are presented.

888 IMPACT OF SURGICAL CASE ORDER ON PERIOPERATIVE OUTCOMES FOR ROBOTIC-ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyTechnology & Instruments: Surgical Education & Skills Assessment (1)1 Apr 2013888 IMPACT OF SURGICAL CASE ORDER ON PERIOPERATIVE OUTCOMES FOR ROBOTIC-ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY Anil Thomas, Armen Derboghossians, Allen Chang, David Finley, Jeff Slezak, Brian Kim, Steven Jacobsen, and Gary Chien Anil ThomasAnil Thomas Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , Armen DerboghossiansArmen Derboghossians Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , Allen ChangAllen Chang Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , David FinleyDavid Finley Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , Jeff SlezakJeff Slezak Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , Brian KimBrian Kim Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , Steven JacobsenSteven Jacobsen Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author , and Gary ChienGary Chien Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.459AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Since its introduction, there have been many refinements in the technique and implementation of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). However it is unclear whether operative outcomes are influenced by surgical case order. We evaluated the effect of case order on perioperative outcomes for RARP within a large health maintenance organization. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of RARP cases performed at our institution from September 2008 until December 2010 using a single robotic platform. Case order was determined from surgical schedules each day and surgeries were grouped into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd round cases. Fourth round cases (n=1) were excluded from analysis. We compared clinicopathological variables including operative time, estimated blood loss, surgical margin rates, and complication rates between groups. RESULTS Of the 1018 RARP cases in this cohort, 476 (47%) were performed as 1st round cases, 398 (39%) 2nd round cases, and 144 (14%) 3rd round cases by a total of 18 surgeons. Mean operative time was shorter as cases were performed later in the day (213mins vs. 209mins vs. 180mins, p < 0.0001) and similarly estimated blood loss also decreased with surgical order (136mL vs. 134mL vs. 103mL, p=0.01). Transfusion rates, surgical margin rates, and complication rates did not significantly differ between groups. Patients undergoing RARP later in the day were much more likely to have a hospital stay of 2 or more days than earlier cases (10% vs. 11% vs. 32%, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Surgical case order influences perioperative outcomes for RARP with decreased operative times and increased length of hospital stay associated with later cases. These findings indicate that select perioperative factors may improve with ascending case order as the surgical team 'warms up' during the day. Knowledge of these differences may assist in surgical planning to improve outcomes and limit costs. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e366 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anil Thomas Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Armen Derboghossians Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Allen Chang Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author David Finley Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Jeff Slezak Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Brian Kim Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Steven Jacobsen Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Gary Chien Los Angeles, CA More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...