Fruit and Vegetable (FV) Guide Development for Parents of Preschoolers: Qualitative Analysis

Abstract

FV have many benefits, yet intakes continue to fall short of recommendations. Thus, a guide promoting FV intake and availability in the home was developed using social cognitive theory concepts and motivational interviewing techniques. Parents of preschoolers (n=216) were surveyed to determine current FV intake; 18 participated in the 1st round of cognitive test interviews conducted by trained researchers and 19 participated in the 2nd round to determine guide comprehension, aspects perceived as useful and needed improvements. Two‐thirds of surveyed parents ate >2 fruits 蠅5 days/week; ~half ate >2 vegetables >5 days/week. Qualitative content analysis of round 1 revealed that Spanish (n=10) and English speakers (n=8) understood content, felt the information was useful, especially sections on FV benefits, reflective questions, observational learning and tips for increasing intake. English‐speakers suggested shortening the guide, reducing repetition, and clarifying portion size information. Spanish‐speakers expressed concern about cost of increasing FV intake, were confused about benefits of canned FV, and requested recipes and ideas to make FV more appealing. The guide was revised using Round 1 results, formatted as a mini‐magazine then underwent a 2nd round of cognitive testing. Spanish (n=10) and English (n=9) parents expressed satisfaction. Spanish speakers were motivated by content about the nutrition of FV whereas English speakers were motivated by tips given by other parents. The guide was well‐received; parents expressed great interest in the content, felt the guide was easily understood and beneficial, with minor suggestions for improvement. The refined FV guide has the potential to increase FV intake in families with preschoolers. USDA NIFA #2011‐68001‐30170