1st Control Group Research Articles

Restoring the balance of Candida albicans and the productivity of geese with the development of candidiasis of the digestive tract

The purpose of the research was to develop a scientific concept for the prevention of the development of candidiasis of the digestive tract, taking into account the dynamics of the reproduction of Candida albicans in different parts of the digestive tract and to propose an effective scheme for restoring the balance of candida and productivity of geese using the enzyme preparation lithiase with adaptogens. The research has been carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, in poultry farms, republican and district veterinary laboratories of the Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan on geese of Linda 7 breed at the age of 150 days. The experiments were carried out in different years in three repetitions per 350 heads in each. The geese were divided into 7 groups according to the principle of analogues. Healthy geese were included in the 1st control group, and patients with candidiasis were included in experimental groups 2–7. It has been found that a significant decrease in the level of candide in the digestive tract of geese with candidiasis was recorded under the influence of the enzyme preparation lithiase (group 4) and especially lithiase with probiotic and lithiase with propolis (groups 5 and 6). The complete restoration of the level of Candida albicans in the candidiasis of the digestive tract has been noted only against the background of complex enzyme-probiotic-propolis therapy (group 7). The complex use of the enzyme with adaptogens against the background of developing candidiasis of the digestive tract contributed to the restoration of functionally determined changes in the microbiocenosis, characterized by a decrease in the physiological values of the content of Candida albicans in the goiter by 11,9, in the muscular part of the stomach by 16,5, in the glandular part by 17,8, in the small intestine by 20,7, in the thick by 12,7 times. Against the background of the restoration of the natural microbiocenosis of the digestive tract, normalization of the level of Candida albicans, the increase and improvement in the meat productivity of geese has been observed. All indicators of anatomical cutting of the carcass of geese in the 7th group exceeded the data of the control and all experimental groups. There was the improvement in the indicators of anatomical cutting of carcasses such as the increase in the weight of the gutted carcass of males by 1,56, muscles by 1,61, skin with subcutaneous fat by 1,80, internal fat by 2,05, edible parts by 1,66, bones by 1,18 times. In the meat of geese of the 7th group the moisture content was 1,45 times lower than in the meat of geese of the 2nd group, and the protein level was 1,81 times higher, fat by 1,34, ash by 1,42 times. The livability of the geese increased by 2,56 times.

Features of Post-Resection Regeneration of Hepatocytes under the Influence of Intrahepatic Administration of Cyanocobalamin

Liver resection in most cases remains the only way to achieve an increase in life expectancy and cure of patients with large liver formations. In clinical practice, hepatoprotectors are used to improve metabolic processes of the liver, many of them include vitamin B12, the active form of which is able to stimulate reparative regeneration.The aim of the study was to identify morphological features of hepatocytes and the stroma of the resected liver during intra-organ intraoperative administration of cyanocobalamin to study the effect of vitamin B12 on the proliferative activity of hepatocytes.Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats. In 3 experimental groups of animals, a typical resection was performed in the volume of 70% of the initial liver mass, in the 1st experimental group, prevention of post-resection liver failure was not carried out, in the 2nd experimental group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected into the preserved liver lobes after resection, in the 3rd-vitamin B12. In the animals of the 1st control group liver resection was not performed. The animals were removed from the experiment in 1, 7 and 14 days after the operation and liver material was selected for morphological examination.Results. A significant increase in the number of binuclear hepatocytes was noted in the animals of the 3rd experimental group in 14 days. When studying liver sections stained with silver impregnation after 14 days of the study, the number of reticular fibers in the animals of the 3rd experimental group was 90% higher than similar parameters in animals of the 1st control group, in the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups it was less than 80%. In the immunohistochemical study, an increase in the proliferative activity of mononuclear and binuclear hepatocytes was observed in all experimental groups by the 14th day of the experiment compared with the 1st day. On the 14th day after the operation, the highest proliferation index was observed in the animals of the 3rd experimental group.Conclusion. The proposed method of intra-organ intraoperative administration of cyanocobalamin increases the proliferative activity of hepatocytes, increases the number of cells entering the mitotic cycle, and restores the structural organization of the liver, its anatomical and functional integrity.

Effect of probiotic supplement feeds Amilocin on the productive qualities of laying hens

The paper considers the result of the experiments. It was found that when adding supplement feeds Amilocin with water to laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross according to the developed schedule, the average weight of one egg for the entire experimental period in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups exceeded the values of the 1st control group by 0.89%; 2.4% and 3.13%, respectively. The egg production of the experienced laying hens in comparison with the control was higher, i.e., in the second group it was higher in 4.9%, in the third it was higher in 10.7% and in the fourth it was higher in 5.4%.

Вплив різних джерел купруму в комбікормах на продуктивність курчат-бройлерів

Aimed to study the effective use of different doses of cuprum proteinate in the diet of broiler chickens, three groups of animals were formed with 50 chicks in each. Chickens from the 1st control group received cuprum sulphate as a part of compound feed, and animals from the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received cuprum proteinate. The concentration of Cuprum in the feed in the 1st and 2nd groups was identical, and in the 3rd experimental group the amount of Cuprum was reduced by 25% compared to the control. During scientific and economic experiment, it was found that the replacement of cuprum sulphate with its proteinate with the same concentration in the feed has a positive effect on the average daily gain of broiler chickens, and therefore a live weight. Thus, the animals from the 2nd experimental group exceeded control analogues by 7.5% in average daily gain and by 9.4% in body mass at the end of the experiment. Reducing the concentration of Cuprum in the feed of chickens from the 3rd experimental group by 25% (the source of the microelement is cuprum proteinate) compared to the control also had a positive effect on the productivity of these animals. They exceeded control analogues in terms of average daily weight gain by 3.8%, and in terms of live weight by 5.8%. At the same time the direct correlation between animal productivity and quantity of the consumed feed was noted. Thus, broilers from the 2nd experimental group consumed more feed by 3.3% compared to control peers. The chickens from the 3rd experimental group exceeded controls by 1.5% in this index. Thus, cuprum proteinate is a more efficient source of Cuprum for broiler feed. The concentration of this microelement in the feed of these animals aged 5-21 days should be 18.2 g/t, 22–35 days - 16.8 g/t, 36–42 days - 12 g/t or 16.5 g/t on average during the experiment.

Antioxidant Potential of Parsley Leaf (Petroselinum crispum) Essential Oil on Hypothyroidism and Testicular Injury in Mice Intoxicated by Carbon Tetrachloride.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) leaf essential oil (PO) against the detrimental effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the thyroid gland and testes of mice. Twenty-four adult male mice were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks. The 1st control group received 3 mL/kg olive oil intraperitoneally, twice a week followed by 0.5 mL/kg saline intragastrically daily. The 2nd CCl4 group received CCl4 (3 mL/kg intraperitoneally, twice a week). The 3rd PO group received PO (0.5 mL/kg intragastrically daily), while the 4th CCl4+PO group received CCl4 coadministrated with PO at the aforementioned doses. CCl4 group recorded significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significant (p < 0.05) increase in the lipid peroxidation end product's level malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testes and thyroid glands. Meanwhile, serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), total thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4)) significantly decreased. Also, histopathologically, the testicular tissue showed hypospermatogenesis within irregular-shaped seminiferous tubules with prominent edema in the interstitial spaces confirming the aforementioned biochemical alterations. Treatment with PO significantly reduced the testicular and thyroid oxidative stress (p < 0.05) and elevated the testosterone (73.47%), FSH (92.11%), LH (33.33%), T3 (23.47%), fT3 (39.13%), T4 (27.91%), and fT4 (75%) as compared to that of CCl4-treated group corresponding values. The PO GC/MS analysis indicated bioactive monoterpenes (major component is 1,3,8-mentha triene 34.48%) and phenylpropenes (major component is myristicin 21.04%). Results suggested the ameliorative effect of PO against CCl4-induced hypogonadism in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining thyroid gland function.

Features of growth and development of the skeleton in Simmental and crossbred steers during ontogenesis

The results of age-related changes in the morphological composition of carcasses, features of growth and development of the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton, and their constituent bones, Simmental and crossbred steers have been presented in the paper. The purpose of the research was to study the features of growth and development of the skeleton of Simmental and crossbred steers. The research has been carried out on the basis of the Tula Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”. In order to conduct experiments 3 groups of steers have been formed per 15 heads in each with using the method of analogous pairs. Animals of Simmental breed were included in the 1st control group, and in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups consist of 1/2-blood steers of beef Simmental and Charollais breeds, respectively, obtained from crossbreeding Simmental cows with sires of these beef breeds. The experiment lasted until the 18-month-old of steers. It has been found that the intensity of bone growth in the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton was due to age-related changes in the absolute and relative bone mass of steers. The intensity of growth of the axial part of the skeleton in the postnatal period increased, and the peripheral decreased. The ribs and spine were characterized by the increased growth rate, while the thoracic and pelvic limbs were characterized by the lower growth rate. The intensity of bone growth in the proximal parts of the limbs exceeded that of the distal parts. Age-related differences in the intensity of growth of the skeletal parts led to changes in the ratio between the linear body size and the features of the steers’ constitution. The value of the long-legness indices in Charolais crossbreds decreased from 65,4 at birth to 53,6 and 46,6 at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively, while the lengthiness indices on the contrary increased and in these age periods amounted to 93,4, 105,4 and 114,9, respectively.

Features of growth of replacement young meat chickens under the influence of the feed additive Salmocil F

Normalization of the bacterial background of the gastrointestinal tract and the reaction of the environment largely contributes to the growth and development of poultry in accordance with the standard of cross. The addition of the prebiotic Salmocil F to the diet of replacement young poultry at the dose of 0,6 kg, 0,8 and 1,0 kg/t of compound feed allowed the poultry to grow to 18 weeks of age with a live weight of 1836,2 kg, 1915,4 and 1885,0 kg, respectively, which was higher than the control group by 0,7 %, 5,0 and 3,3 %, and the uniformity of the group by 8,0–9,0 %. The prebiotic Salmocil F contributed to the better development of the replacement young poultry such as muscularization of the pectoral muscle, its tone and physical shape. The prebiotic Salmocil F excluded the reason for the culling of poultry in the experimental group for toxicosis and intestinal intussusception, increasing the livability of livestock in the experimental group with the low dosage by 3,0 %, with medium and high by 4,0 %. The low dose of prebiotic in the diet of poultry of the 2nd experimental group in comparison with the 1st control group reduced expenditures of feed by 5,5 %, the average rate of input in the 3rd experimental group by 6,7 %, the high dose in the diet of chicks of the 4th experimental group by 6,1 %. The feed-conversion efficiency for receiving replacement young poultry per each 100 kg of feed fed in the group with the dosage of 0,6 kg in comparison with the control group was higher by 6,0 %, with the increase to 0,8 kg by 7,2 and with the addition of 1,0 kg/t of feed by 4,1 %, and in value terms by 5,4 %, 6,5 and 5,6 %, respectively. More optimal is the dosage of 0,8 kg of the prebiotic Salmocil F per 1 ton of compound feed.

Commercial cross breeding of dairy cattle with beef bulls in Western Siberia

The results of commercial cross breeding of dairy cattle with meat bulls are presented. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out in Omsk and Novosibirsk regions. Ranked cows of the red steppe breed were selected for the experiment. They were artificially inseminated with the semen of bulls of the red steppe, Kalmyk and Hereford breeds. Bulls of each genotype were selected from the calves born and three groups were formed by the method of analogue groups: 1st control - the red steppe, 2nd experimental - crossbreed of Kalmyk × the red steppe, 3d experimental – crossbreed of Hereford × the red steppe. In the second experiment two groups were formed from castrated bulls of Simmental and Hereford breeds × Simmental hybrids: 1st control group of Simmental breed, 2nd experimental group - Hereford × Simmental hybrids. A highly reliable superiority in the live weight of young animals of the 2nd and 3d experimental groups was revealed. From the age of 9 to 15 months, it was 16.5-77.3 kg (p &lt;0.05-0.001) compared to animals in the control group. In the group of the red steppe x Hereford, slaughter yield was 58.6%, which is higher than that of the first two groups, by 1.9 and 1.8% (p &lt;0.05), the carcass weight was 209.3 kg, the red steppe - 172.2 kg (p &lt;0.01). In the second experiment at the age of 8, 12, 15 and 18 months, the bulls of the 2nd experimental group outperformed the peers of the 1st control group by 15.2-29.4 kg (p &lt;0.05-0.001). Their slaughter yield was higher than that of the control group, and accounted for 57.8%. In two experiments, crossbred groups of animals were characterized by a better meat productivity. Commercial crossbreeding of dairy cows with beef breeds of bulls allows to increase meat productivity and increase the population of the meat cattle.

Effectiveness of milk production when using an energy and protein feed additive in the ration of cows

Intensive cattle breeding often leads to a shortage of energy, protein and minerals in the rations of animals. The use of effective energy and protein additives that increase the dairy productivity of cows while reducing the prime-cost of the products obtained is of great scientific interest. The purpose of the work was to study the economic indicators of milk production when using an energy and protein feed additive in the ration of cows. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out in the “Komsomolskoye” pedigree farm in the Pavlovsky area in the Altai Territory on lactating cows of Black-and-White breed during the period of increasing the milk yield. In order to conduct the experiment, four groups of cows-analogues of 10 heads each were selected. The studies were carried out for 50 days according to the following scheme: the 1st control group was fed a basic ration with the addition of 1 kg of compound feed without the inclusion of an energy and protein additive. The basic ration of the 2nd experimental group of cows included the energy and protein additive in the amount of 500 g/head/day, in the basic ration of the 3rd experimental group of cows the energy and protein additive in the amount of 750 g/head/day was included, in the basic ration of the 4th experimental group the energy and protein additive in the amount of 1000 g/head/day was included. According to the results of the experiment, the animals of the experimental groups had a gross milk yield during the experiment period: in the 2nd experimental group it was 1405,6 kg, in the 3rd experimental group it was 1555,9 kg and in the 4th experimental group it was 1594,6 kg of milk, which was by 16,2, 166,5 and 205,5 kg more than the control group. Higher revenue from the sale of the received products was established in the 3rd and 4th experimental groups, which was higher than in the 1st control group by 11,98–14,77 %.

Influence of probiotic on the meat productivity and indicators of the control slaughter of pigs

One of the triggers for increasing the meat productivity of pigs and improving the quality of meat is the use of probiotic feed additives in the diets of young pigs and pregnant sows. The purpose of the research was to study the increase in meat productivity of pigs when using the probiotic drug Bifidum Bug in the diet. Scientific and economic experiment on the young pigs of Duroc breed was carried out on the basis of OOO “Agrofirma Ariant” in the Emanzhelinsky area in the Chelyabinsk region in the period 2020–2022. Data on the use of the probiotic Bifidum Bug in the diet of fattening pigs are presented. Probiotic feed additive was given to animals in the amount of 0,1 mg/kg of live weight daily. As a result of the control slaughter of animals of the control and experimental groups of 3 animals from each group, the following data were obtained: the slaughter yield in pigs of the 1st control group was 63,4 %, while in pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it was higher – 68,8 and 68,3 %, respectively. The highest ratio of edible parts of the carcass to inedible was observed in pigs in the 2nd experimental group 8,6:1, to a lesser extent in the 3rd experimental group 8,3:1, while in the 1st control group it was 8,1:1. The chemical composition of the muscle tissue of pigs in the experimental groups in the final as a result, it affected the energy value of meat. So, in the 1st control group the energy value of 100 g of meat was 182,2 kcal or 763,4 kJ, in the 2nd experimental group 189,4 and 793,6, respectively, and in the 3rd experimental group it was 186,1 kcal and 779,9 kJ.

Productivity of Young Rabbits at Different Sources of Cuprum in the Mixed Fodder

The impact of different levels and sources of coppermixedligand on productivity and its metabolism in young rabbits of California breed in combination with sulfates was investigated in experiment. For rabbits of the 1st control group 7.81 g/t of copper sulfate was injected into the mixed fodder, of the 2nd experimental group - 7.81 g/t of coppermixedligand, of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, respectively, g/t: 5.86; 3.91 and 1.95. As a result, the rabbits of the 1st control group and the 2nd experimental group deficit of copper was eliminated by 100% to the existing norm, and the rabbits of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups - by 75, 50 and 25%. Studies have shown that during the main period of the experiment, the increase in live weight in all experimental groups exceeded the indicator of the control group. In particular, in rabbits of the 2nd experimental group this exceeding was 9.0% (p < 0.05), 3rd - 13.2% (p < 0.05), 4th -14.0% (p < 0.001) and 5th - by 4.9%. Among all the experimental groups, the best indicators of nutrient digestibility of feed were the rabbits of the 4th experimental group, which in the composition of the mixed fodder fed coppermixedligand, which covered a deficiency of this element by 50% in metal chelate from the amount of Copper of the 2nd experimental group. Compared to control group the digestibility rate of organic feed matter in these animals increased by 3.7%. This increase was due to an increase in the digestibility of crude protein - by 4.5%, crude fat - 0.5, crude fiber - 4.6 and nitrogen-free extractives - 3.7%. According to the results of the experiment, the rabbits of the experimental group 4 ate 5.0% less feed than the counterparts of the 1st control group, and the feed costs were 3.9% lower. The use of the organic form of copper in the form of mixed-ligand complex in mixfeed for rabbits of breeding on meat in the amount of 3.91 g/t or 50% of metalchelate promoted an increase in the growth of animals, nutrient digestibility of feed and reduced feed conversion.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДИГИДРОКВЕРЦЕТИНА В КОРМЛЕНИИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

The purpose of the research was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using a natural antioxidant of plant origin – dihydroquercetin (DHA), as a biologically active substance, in combination with the main standard diet of broiler chickens. Scientific and economic experience conducted in production conditions on broiler chickens of the "COBB-500" cross allowed us to objectively establish that the addition of the biologically active substance Dihydroquercetin to mixed feed contributes to the increase in meat productivity and safety of broiler chickens. Feeding of broiler chickens was carried out with full-fledged compound feeds, in accordance with the recommendations of the originator for this cross. In terms of energy nutrition and the content of nutrient active substances, they were the same and differed between the groups in the amount of the additive administered. Chickens of the 1st control group received only feed (basic diet), the 2nd experimental group – advanced antioxidant supplement Dihydroquercetin in the amount of 0.5 g per 100 g of feed, the 3rd – 0.75 g per 100 g of feed, and 4th – 1 g per 100 g of feed. The duration of the experiment was 40 days and to clarify the effectiveness of increasing the duration of the broiler fattening period, it was extended to 60 days. Broiler chickens were reared on the floor, temperature and light conditions, air humidity, feeding and watering front of the bird during the experiment corresponded to the recommended standards. As a result of the conducted studies on the effect of adding optimal levels of biologically active feed additive Dihydroquercetin to the diet of broiler chickens, it was found that during the growing period, a higher coefficient of live weight gain was established in broiler chickens of the 3rd and 4th experimental groups, whose live weight increased by 105.32 and 120.48 times by the age of 40 days, while in broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group by 102.57 times and the lowest–in control group chickens only in 90.96 times. The selected feed additive can be considered as an alternative to the use of feed antibiotics in the feeding of broiler chickens in industrial poultry farming technology.

Digestibility of substances, balance of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese in highly productive cows of the Holstein breed of German selection in the first period of lactation for feeding mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Co-balt

The article deals with the results of research to study the digestibility of nutrients in the ration and metabolism of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese in high-yielding Holstein cows of German selection in the first period of lactation for feeding mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt. The research was performed in the conditions of Terezyne Ltd., Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. There was an increase in the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter in cows of the 2nd-5th experimental groups compared with animals of the 1st control group, respectively by 1.8–3.5 % (P &lt; 0.05); organic matter by 0.3–2.5 %; crude protein by 0.5–4.2 % (P &lt; 0.05 – P &lt; 0.01); crude fat by 1.1–1.8 %; crude fiber by 1.3–3.3 % and nitrogen-free extractives by 2.1–4.2 %. Cows of the experimental groups consumed more Nitrogen than the cows of the control group: 20.18 g or 2.4 % – the 2nd group, 55.06 g or 6.6 % – the 3rd, 42.52 g or 5, 1 % – 4th and 28.98 g or 3.5 % – 5th experimental group due to better eating of the feed mixture. General consumption level of Nitrogen in relation to excreted with milk and deposited in the body of cows of the control group was 32.02 %, and in animals of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – 33.59 %; 37.31; 36.99 and 34.97 %. In relation to the total digested amount, the proportion of Nitrogen deposited in the body and excreted with milk in animals of the control group was 42.38 %, and in the experimental – 44.25–47.34 %. Doses of Zinc, which provided its existing rate of 54–85 % due to the mixed ligand complex, positively influenced on the the metabolism of trace elements in the organism of experimental cows. Assimilation of Zinc in the organism was determined by the amount of its secretions with milk and deposits in the body and in absolute terms it was the lowest in cows of the 4th and 5th experimental groups – 562.7 mg and 671.6 mg against 740.8 mg in the 1st control group and the largest – 784.7 mg and 801.3 mg in animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. The use of a mixed ligand complex of manganese ensured its positive balance in the organism of cows and the absorption of the trace element in the organism of experimental cows ranged from 22.5 % in the 2nd experimental group to 33.2 % in the 3rd experimental group. The best indicators for the metabolism of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese were got in the third experimental group whose cows were fed a feed mixture, that in 1 kg of DM contained, mg: Zinc – 54.7; Manganese – 54.7; Cobalt – 0.7; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1.

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MIXED-LIGANDE COMPLEXES OF ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT IN THE FEEDING OF HIGHLYPRODUCTIVE COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY BREED THE FIRST LACTATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON FEED CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTIVITY, REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

The results of studying the influence of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in feeding high-lyproductive cows Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed on feed consumption, milk productivity for the first 100 days of lactation, reproductive function and hematological parameters are presented.&#x0D; It was found that on average during the first 100 days of lactation experimental cows consumed 52.6-54.2 kg of feed mixture day and most of it was eaten by cows of the 4th experimental group.&#x0D; The best results in milk productivity (milk yield and fat and protein content) were obtained from cows of the 4th experimental group, which received rations with mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, the concentration of which in 1 kg of DM feed mixture, mg: Zinc - 48.6; Manganese - 48.6 and Cobalt - 0.62.&#x0D; Feed consumption per 1 kg of milk was the lowest in the 4th experimental group and amounted to 7.42 MJ of metabolic energy against 7.74 MJ of metabolic energy in the 1st control group and 7.19-7.48 MJ of metabolic energy in other experimental groups.&#x0D; Different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in feed mixtures of dry cows in the last 30 days of gestation caused a difference in live weight of calves at birth and had a positive effect on the reproductive functions of experimental cows. 2.1 fertilizations were required for one fruitful insemination of each cow in the 1st control group, 1.8 in the 2nd; 3rd - 1.6; 4th - 1.5 and 5th - 1.7.&#x0D; Analysis of hematological parameters of experimental cows shows that different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in concentrated feeds have a positive effect on the body of lactating cows, which, in turn, improves their milk productivity and especially reproductive functions.

Advantages of feeding pregnant sows with biologically active substances based on folic acid and trace elements

The nutrition of sows has a significant impact on their productivity and milk production, as well as the multiple, large-fruited and the viability of the litter. The influence of folic acid and salts of microelements was studied by including them in diets, on the reproductive function of pregnant sows and the quality of offspring. The sows of the 1st control group received the basic diet adopted on the farm, the animals of the 2nd experimental group received folic acid in addition to the basic diet, the 3rd group received salts of trace elements (cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper and iodine), the 4th group was fed by a complex consisting of folic acid and mineral salts. It was found that the use of folic acid and a complex of salts of microelements had a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in the body of pregnant sows, improved their physiological state and increased the safety of piglets by 12.72%. The complex use of mineral salts and folic acid had a positive effect on the synthetic function of the liver. The increase in fertility, the number and live weight of piglets at birth and weaning in sows of the experimental groups can be explained by the improvement of feeding conditions, in particular, the enrichment of compound feed with biologically active substances, an improvement in the digestibility of the main dietary substances and, as a consequence, the activation of metabolism. In order to improve metabolism, reproductive function, increase fertility, nest weight at birth and weaning, preservation of piglets, we recommend adding trace element salts to the diet of pregnant sows in the following doses: CoSO4 - 10 mg, MnSO4 - 50 mg, ZnSO4 - 50 mg, CuSO4 - 50 mg and KI - 10 mg per 100 kg of body weight and folic acid - 35 mg/head during the entire period of pregnancy.

INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS BY DEFEROXAMINE (DESFERAL) DURING THE PREGNANCY: PRE AND POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of induced oxidative stress by the deferoxamine (desferal) during the pregnancy on pre and post-natal developmen. One hundred twenty adult female albino rats, 3 months old, with an average weight of 175-200 g, were randomly distributed into two main groups (60 rats/group). The 1st (control group) was injected with 0.3 ml physiological salt solution / animal, and the 2nd group was injected with 100 mg deferral/kg B.W. which was given intraperitoneal once daily for three consecutive weeks (during the pregnancy period). At the end of the treatment, each group in turn was divided into two parts, each section comprising 10 animals, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, then uterine and fetal tissues collected to observation the studied parameters. Results showed decrease in the numbers of implantation and blastocysts. The number of alive embryos were significantly reduced with an increasing number of dead and reabsorbed embryos, malformation of fetus increase in uterine of the stressed female group compared with control group. Postnatal observations showed significant variations in postnatal development parameters. Our study suggests that the deferral injection has a pro-oxidant capacity on rats' model at dose of 100 mg/kg, and the oxidative stress plays an important role during pregnancy especially on prenatal development as well as persist up to postnatal life.

УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ВОСПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА БИОПРЕПАРАТОМ PREVENTION-N-B-S

Productive insemination of cows against the background of heat detection or synchronization of the estrous cycle within a relatively short time after the previous calving is the main factor that determines the productivity and profitability of dairy cattle breeding. Many obstetric and gynecological diseases often occur in the first 2 months of lactation. Postpartum obstetric and gynecological diseases of cows impair their reproductive qualities, which leads to prolonged anestrus, decreased fertility, and depletion of the body. Inflammatory processes of the female reproductive organs are accompanied by enhanced stress. The research aims to prevent diseases of the postpartum period and realize the potential of the reproductive qualities of cows by activating the nonspecific resistance of the organism with the Prevention-N-B-S biological preparation. Based on the performed studies, a method for the prevention of obstetric-gynecological diseases of the postpartum period and an increase in the reproductive function of cows by increasing the nonspecific resistance of the body with the biological Prevention-N-B-S is proposed. The newly designed biological preparation was for the first time used in cows of the 2nd experimental group intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml 35-30, 15-10, and 10-5 days before the expected calving time, and the animals of the 1st experimental group were injected with Dorogov's antiseptic stimulator of fraction 2 in combination with eleovitum in a ratio of 1:9 60 days before the scheduled calving dates. It was found that in cows of the 2nd trial group (28.8±0.56 days), the first estrus began 5.8 and 14.4 days earlier than in the mates of the 1st trial group (34.6±0.93 days) and control (43.2±1.64 days) groups. There was a decrease in the conception rate in cows of the 1st (1.8±0.24) and 2nd (1.4±0.36) trial groups, in comparison with the control (2.6±0.26). The service period in the 1st (64.6±1.62 days) and 2nd (57.8±1.50 days) experimental groups decreased compared to the control group (89.2±3.02 days). In the first sexual estrus in the control, 1st and 2nd experimental groups, 2, 4, and 6 cows have become fertile, respectively. The use of biological in the critical periods of cow pregnancy reduced the risks of uterine subinvolution, endometritis, and mastitis in the postpartum period, and also increased the reproductive qualities of cows. The most expressed corresponding effect was obtained when using the biological preparation Prevention-N-B-S.

Improving milk nutritional value and processing properties through giving feed supplements to highly productive cows

Currently, it has been understudied which forms of feed supplements ensure the most positive effect on increasing milk nutritional value and processing properties. In this regard, an experiment was conducted on comparable groups of 90 cows. The animals of the 1st (control) group were fed compound feed concentrate that included the following ingredients: protected fat Megalac (3.1%); a buffering agent sodium bicarbonate (1.4%); protein digestion stimulator Farmatan TM (0.57%); mineral and vitamin premix Rindavit 51 ATG RV (3.6%). The animals of the 2nd (trial) group were given the following feed supplements: protected fat Nutracor (3.0%); a buffering agent Rumenbuffer (0.9%); protein-mineral-vitamin concentrate Cowfit 5 Plus (3.75%); mineral and vitamin premix Cowfit Immuno Fertil (0.75%). In the 2nd (trial) group, the levels of milk components increased as follows: lactose - by 20%; butterfat - by 15%; casein - by 25%; calcium - by 33%; phosphorus - by 53%; copper by 45%, zinc - by 89%; vitamin A - by 67%; vitamin E - by 30%; that was indicative of milk nutritional value increase.

The efficiency of Stavropol breed ewes crossing with crossbred rams(? Kalmyk fat-tailed+ ? Dorper)

The purpose of this work was to determine the efficiency of using crossbred rams(? Kalmyk fat-tailed + ? Dorper) for crossing with Stavropol breed ewes in order to obtain lamb meat. In order to carry out the research and production experiment, two groups of Stavropol breed ewes with 40 heads in each group were formed according to the paired comparison method. In late October – early November 2019, ewes from group 1 were inseminated with the sperm of Stavropol breed rams and ewes from group 2 were inseminated with the sperm of crossbred rams (? Kalmyk fat-tailed + ? Dorper). It was found that the conception rate of ewes from the 2nd experimental group was 2.5% higher than in the control group. 44 lambs were obtained from the ewes of the 2nd experimental group, which was 4 heads or 10% more than from the 1st control group. Crossbred lambshave increased growth and they are significantly superior to purebred herdmates of Stavropol breed in live weight at the age of five months by 3.3 kg (P&gt; 0.999), at the age of six months by 4.2 kg (P&gt; 0.999), and at the age of seven months by 5.1 kg (P&gt; 0.999). The study of exterior traits indicates that crossbred animals have higher indices of format, chest, blockiness and massiveness, while purebred animals of Stavropol breed are distinguished by higher indices of long legs and overgrowth.

КАЧЕСТВО ПИЩЕВЫХ ЯИЦ ПРИ ВВЕДЕНИИ ЙОДА В ОРГАНИЗМ КУР-НЕСУШЕК

The Altai Region along with the regions of the Siberian Federal District belongs to the zone with trace element deficiency including iodine deficiency. The research goal was to study the effect of iodine on edible egg quality of laying hens of the Rodonit cross. At the final stage of egg-laying, 4 groups of 4 laying hens were formed. No iodine was administered to the hens of the 1st control group. Starch-based iodine product was administered to the birds of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th trial groups into the lower third of the neck, under the wing and into the rump area in a dose of 1.5 mg per head. The egg production intensity in the trial groups was higher by 21.3-28.8%. Egg weight in the 1st control group was 65.6 ± 1.33g which was lower than that in the trial groups by 4.4% (2nd group); 3.7% (3rd group) and 1.5% 4th group). All eggs belonged to “select” grade. The 3rd and 4th trial groups had less egg white by 3.8 and 2.7%; the egg-yolk content increases in the eggs of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th trial groups by 1.2%, 9.4% and 2.4%, respectively, and the eggshell weight by 1.2-9.4% as com-pared to the control. The ratio of egg white and egg-yolk weight in the eggs of the trial groups was lower than in the control group by 9.38-19.29%, but the ratio of egg-yolk to egg white was by 10.4-23.9% higher. The following indices were higher in the trial groups as compared to the control: egg white index -by 1.4-17.1%; egg-yolk -by 3.2-6.4%; Haugh unit -by 7.2-11.1%; eggshell thickness -by 3.9-8.3%. The best results were obtained with the administra-tion of iodine to the hens in the region of the lower third of the neck. The enrichment of the body of laying hens of the Rodonit cross with iodine makes it possible to obtain the profitability of edible egg production at the level of 28.6-41.0%.