1D PC Research Articles

One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples.

In this study, we demonstrate the reflectance spectrum of one-dimensional photonic crystals comprising two different types of metamaterials. In this regard, the designed structure can act as a simple and efficient detector for fat concentrations in milk samples. Here, the hyperbolic and gyroidal metamaterials represent the two types of metamaterials that are stacked together to construct the candidate structure; meanwhile, the designed 1D PCs can be simply configured as [G(ED)m]S. Here, G refers to the gyroidal metamaterial layers in which Ag is designed in a gyroidal configuration form inside a hosting medium of TiO2. In contrast, (ED) defines a single unit cell of the hyperbolic metamaterials in which two layers of porous SiC (E) and Ag (D) are combined together. It is worth noting that our theoretical and simulation methodology is essentially based on the effective medium theory, characteristic matrix method, Drude model, Bruggeman's approximation, and Sellmeier formula. Accordingly, the numerical findings demonstrate the emergence of three resonant peaks at a specified wavelength between 0.8 μm and 3.5 μm. In this context, the first peak located at 1.025 μm represents the optimal one regarding the detection of fat concentrations in milk samples due to its low reflectivity and narrow full bandwidth. Accordingly, the candidate detector could provide a relatively high sensitivity of 3864 nm/RIU based on the optimal values of the different parameters. Finally, we believe that the proposed sensor may be more efficient compared to other counterparts in monitoring different concentrations of liquid, similar to fats in milk.

Enhanced Sensing of Diseased Blood Samples through One-Dimensional MgO-SiO2 Photonic Crystal Sensor

In this investigation, we present a tailored one-dimensional photonic crystal sensor (1D PCS), magnesium oxide (MgO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers designed for the specific detection of diseased blood samples components, including plasma, platelets, red blood cells, and uric acid concentrations. The sensor structure is architecturally optimized for 6, 8,10,12,14, and 20 periods, encapsulating a central defect cavity that facilitates the interaction with the blood samples. Upon introducing the blood samples into this cavity, the transmittance spectrum is meticulously analyzed using the transfer matrix method to observe the variations in the defect mode’s wavelength. The study is conducted over a range of incident waves from wavelength 450 to 750 μm, enhancing the understanding of the sensor’s effect on the detection mechanism. In this context, our sensor demonstrates a remarkable sensitivity of approximately 815 nm per refractive index unit (RIU-1). It achieves a detection limit of 10–5, showcasing an exceptional ability to detect low concentrations of the infected blood components.Moreover, Q Factor of 3795 and FOM of 3369.18 indicate the sensor’s high precision in differentiating between healthy and infected blood samples.These findings underscore the potential of the proposed MgO-SiO2-based 1D PhC sensor in serving as a high-fidelity tool for biosensing application.

One-dimensional photonic crystal enhancing spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion for single-particle tracking

Single-particle tracking (SPT) is an immensely valuable technique for studying a variety of processes in the life sciences and physics. It can help researchers better understand the positions, paths, and interactions of single objects in systems that are highly dynamic or require imaging over an extended time. Here, we propose an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) that enhances spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion for three-dimensional (3D) SPTs. This well-designed 1D PC can work as a substrate for optical microscopy. We introduce this effect into the interferometric scattering (iSCAT) technique, resulting in a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). DH-PSF provides more uniform Fisher information for 3D position estimation than the PSFs of conventional microscopy, such as encoding the axial position of a single particle in the angular orientation of DH-PSF lobes, thus providing a means for 3D SPT. This approach can address the challenge of iSCAT in 3D SPT because DH-PSF iSCAT will not experience multiple contrast inversions when a single particle travels along the axial direction. DH-PSF iSCAT microscopy was used to record the 3D trajectory of a single microbead attached to the flagellum, facilitating precise analysis of fluctuations in motor dynamics. Its ability to track single nanoparticles, such as 3D diffusion trajectories of 20 nm gold nanoparticles in glycerol solution, was also demonstrated. The DH-PSF iSCAT technique enabled by a 1D PC holds potential promise for future applications in physical, biological, and chemical science.

Optimal design of multilayer optical thin film structure for smart energy saving applications using needle optimization approach

In this work, a novel design of a one dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) is investigated. The 1DPC structure is composed of alternating layers of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and silicon dioxide (Sio2). The proposed 1D PC structure is designed to act as short wave pass (SWP) edge filter that selectively passes light of short wavelengths, while the infrared light is blocked. In this study, Essential Macleod software is used to create the optimal design with the computational support of the needle synthesis technique. By varying the incidence angle of the mean polarized light mode, we can determine the features of the optimal SWP edge filter design, which leads to an important application for this filter. It can shed light on the filter’s suitability as a smart energy saving window coating for hot climate regions. The study includes different hot regions in Saudi Arabia such as Mecca, Riyadh, Dammam, Arar and Alaqiq. They were used as case studies in this research. According to the study of the optimal design of SWP edge filter applied in Mecca, Riyadh, Dammam, Arar and Alaqiq provinces, the light transmittance in the visible region is more than 99% during the summer solstice and more than 96% during the winter solstice. The photonic band gab (PBG) is almost constant during the summer solstice without shifting or decreasing in size whereas in the winter solstice, the PBG shifts toward the short wavelengths and decreases in size by increasing the angle of incidence. This allows an amount of solar energy to enter in winter. Riyadh, Dammam, and Arar provinces experienced a significant increase in solar energy during the winter solstice, more than Mecca and Alaqiq provinces.

Numerical study of nanochannel on a silicon-silver dimer gap for significantly enhanced fluorescence

The metal-dielectric dimer is an ideal structure for enhancing single-molecule fluorescence. When a single-molecule interacts with the metal-dielectric dimer, the metal-dielectric plasmonic system creates strong resonance, which amplifies the electric field by several orders of magnitude. One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) provide a photonic bandgap (PBG) and nearly perfect reflection for specific wavelengths. These phenomena contribute significantly to fluorescence enhancement. Herein, we propose the structure of 1D PCs with a silicon-silver dimer to achieve remarkable fluorescence enhancement under numerical study. Specifically, our design involves a 20 nm gapped silicon-silver dimer with a 50 nm nanochannel positioned above it. Through the optimization of structural parameters, our results demonstrate that quantum dots with a high intrinsic quantum yield, such as 100 %, are capable of achieving a fluorescence directional emission enhancement of up to three orders of magnitude compared to the bare structure, with an average enhancement factor reaching 407-fold. These findings stand for the unique sensitivity of the device, making it a promising choice for applications in biological nanoparticle detection, environmental monitoring, and other fields in the future.

One-dimensional photonic crystals based on porous anodic alumina: Optical and morphology changes under thermal and chemical treatments

One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) based on porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) are promising for light manipulation and sensing. As-prepared AAO, being amorphous material, suffers degradation in acidic and alkaline media. It is commonly known that the chemical stability of AAO increases drastically after thermal treatment. Here, the effect of annealing up to 1200 °C on the morphology and the optical properties of AAO PCs is studied. The two-step crystallization of as-prepared AAO at 860 and 1190 °C leads to a two-step blue shift of the central wavelength of photonic band gap (PBG) and the decrease in PBG depth, whereas the Q-factor of the PBG enhances. The observed changes in optical transmittance spectra of PCs are mainly attributed to the increase in pore diameter, the formation of crystalline particles of alumina polymorphs, and the removal of impurities. Annealed AAO PCs demonstrate much higher stability of optical parameters during exposure in acidic media compared to the as-prepared ones. Thermal treatment at 600 °C results in 30% decrease in the rate of the PBG shift during chemical etching. Furthermore, AAO crystallization into a mixture of low-temperature alumina polymorphs at 860 °C leads in a negligible change in transmittance spectra even after chemical etching in 1 M HCl for 75 h. The excellent stability achieved for the annealed AAO PCs in aggressive media proves the perspectives of their application as the optical sensors with long-term stability.

Highly sensitive and selective chlorobenzene vapor sensor based on ZIF-8/GO one-dimensional photonic crystal

In this study, one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) chlorobenzene sensors assembled by ZIF-8, GO, and TiO2 were proposed. The optical properties of 1DPC based on ZIF-8, GO, and TiO2 were studied by varying the number of periods, and the optimized structure of 1DPC based on ZIF-8, TiO2, and GO was to be 2-period. In comparison to the ZIF-8/TiO2 1DPC sensor, the fabricated ZIF-8/GO 1DPC sensor showed better optical sensing properties of chlorobenzene vapor, which showed stronger selectivity, higher sensitivity, and lower limit of detection (0.55 ppm). The sensitivity of the ZIF-8/GO 1D PC sensor (0.18 nm/ppm) is almost 3 times higher than that of ZIF-8/TiO2 1D PC sensor (0.05 nm/ppm) at 0–100 ppm concentration of chlorobenzene vapor. The relationship between the reflected spectra shifts and chlorobenzene of low concentrations was presented to be high linearity. Moreover, the ZIF-8/GO 1DPC sensor showed ultrafast response time (500 ms), outstanding stability, and recyclability. The mechanism of 1DPC sensor based on ZIF-8/GO for enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity to chlorobenzene was also discussed. Given its excellent properties, ZIF-8/GO 1DPC sensor can be an attractive option of high-performance chlorobenzene sensor for environmental quality monitoring.

Forensic-level security using non-imitable anticounterfeiting films: Humidity-sensitive 1D photonic crystals with UV-tunable color response and their encryption using small aldehydes

Although considerable progress has been made in anticounterfeiting film technologies, developing difficult-to-imitate novel anticounterfeiting films is still challenging. Herein, we report novel photopatternable one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC)-based anticounterfeiting films, whose colors can be changed by human breath and which can be encrypted and decrypted using small aldehydes and hydrochloric acid, respectively. A photo-crosslinkable TiO2–copolymer hybrid (Ti70) and primary-amine-containing copolymer (P(AEMA97-co-BPA3)–NH2) were prepared and utilized to fabricate 11-layered 1D PC (TiNH2 PC). In addition, using UV post-treatment with customized photomasks, TiNH2 PCs with hidden photopatterns that showed tunable humidity-responsive bright color contrast could be fabricated. However, after exposure to aldehydes, the TiNH2 PC showed reduced or no color shifts in response to further changes in the relative humidity. This is because the hydrophilicity of the P(AEMA97-co-BPA3)–NH2 layers decreased when they converted to P(AEMA97-co-BPA3)-imine layers under aldehyde exposure. However, the aldehyde-exposed TiNH2 PC could be reversibly recycled to its pristine state by simply immersing it in a hydrochloric acid solution (1 M) for 30 min. These findings provide insights into fabricating various colorimetric sensors as non-imitable anticounterfeiting films with selective encryption/decryption for achieving forensic-level security.

Butyl acrylate/TiO2–copolymer hybrid one-dimensional photonic crystal–based colorimetric sensor for detection of C6–C16 n-alkanes of kerosene in adulterated diesel

Diesel fuel, which is widely used in engines, generators, and industrial equipment, is often adulterated with kerosene. The use of adulterated diesel fuel reduces the performance and durability of diesel–fuel-powered engines, causes environmental pollution, and promotes tax evasion. However, detecting kerosene in diesel using a high-precision instrumental technique such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection is difficult because both diesel and kerosene contain C6–C16 paraffins. In this study, we developed a simple and reliable colorimetric sensor to detect various volumetric fractions of kerosene in diesel. A novel 15-layered one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) was prepared using a photo-crosslinked butyl acrylate (BA)–based copolymer [P(BA-co-BPA)] as the low-refractive-index material and a photo-crosslinked copolymer–TiO2 hybrid (Ti70) as the high-refractive-index material. The P(BA-co-BPA) layers swelled to a greater extent in smaller-sized C6–C16n-alkanes than in the larger ones. Consequently, the reflection colors of P(BA-co-BPA)/Ti70 PC underwent a greater red shift from the sky-blue color of the pristine state as the swelling increased from the C16 to the C6n-alkanes. When immersed in pure diesel, the 1D PC exhibited a green color, which underwent a greater red shift as the volume fraction of kerosene increased from 10% (∼limit of colorimetric detection) to 100% in the kerosene + diesel mixtures. The 1D PC reached saturation within 45 min and changed color from the sky-blue corresponding to the pristine state to greenish yellow, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, and reddish orange in 10%, 20%, 30%, 50–70%, and 100% kerosene, respectively. Moreover, it exhibited recyclability in five swelling/deswelling cycles in diesel and kerosene. We expect that these findings will promote the development of simple and state-of-the-art 1D PC sensors.

Plasmon logic gates and dual-narrowband absorption switching effect in hybrid structure composed of silver and spaced dual graphene monolayers

We propose a hybrid structure composed of a silver mirror and two spaced graphene monolayers to enhance light absorption. A broad plasmon-induced reflection (PIR) window can be generated because of the destructive interference between the bright and dark modes, resulting in a dual-narrowband absorption switching effect. The dual-narrowband absorption switch is strongly dependent on the geometric structure parameters and dynamic tuning parameter of the hybrid structure, and each parameter has a wide tuning range for absorption state ‘on/on’. Especially, compared with the hybrid structure composed of a graphene monolayer and one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC), the proposed structure is simpler and easier to fabricate, and the dynamic tuning width of Fermi energy of graphene for light absorption state ‘on/on’ is significantly broadened (∼3 times). Compared with plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) systems, the absorption performance of graphene is greatly enhanced, and the absorption is increased from about 50% to higher than 97%. Moreover, by adjusting the widths of the graphene monolayers, NAND and NOR logic gates are realized, and the output contrast between logic states ‘1’ and ‘0’ is high up to 18.6 dB. This study may provide an approach to construct dual-narrowband absorption switches, perfect absorbers, and plasmon logic gates.

Layer-by-layer assembly of 1-D photonic crystal for wavelength-selective optical filter

Solar greenhouse technology that efficiently utilizes solar energy by splitting the full solar spectrum for plant cultivation and electricity generation using solar cells is a promising strategy for realizing sustainable agriculture. A one-dimensional photonic crystal (1-D PC) that selectively transmits the red and blue lights for photosynthesis, but reflects the other wavelengths is a key component of solar cells. However, the industrial production of 1-D PC thin films is limited due to high production costs of the typically employed gas-phase deposition methods. Here, we demonstrated the fabrication of a 1-D PC thin film for wavelength-selective reflection and transmission using a spray-coating-based layer-by-layer assembly method. The reflected wavelength can be finely tuned by controlling the SiO2 layer thickness using different numbers of spraying cycles. In addition, increasing the number of stacked layers can significantly improve the reflection intensity. The fabricated 1-D PC thin film exhibited a high selective transmittance of 77% and 87% at 450 (blue) and 660 nm (red) together with a reflectance of 69% at 550 nm (green). This work provides a cost-effective solution-based process for preparing 1D PC thin films and provides significant insights into developing solar greenhouse technology.

The Transmission Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Gradient Materials.

In this paper, we studied the transmission properties, including photonic band gap (PBG) and defect mode properties, of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) consisting of gradient materials. When keeping the average refractive index of the gradient materials in the 1D gradient-material PCs (1D GPCs) the same as the index of the corresponding normal materials in the 1D normal-material PCs (1D NPCs), by transfer matrix method, we found that the complete 1D GPCs with high-index gradient materials benefit to achieve larger omni-PBG than that in 1D NPCs. In our high-index gradient material case, for TE(TM) wave, the optimal omni-PBGs in 1D GPCs with first- and second-order gradient materials are 38.6% (50.2%) and 15.9% (22.3%) larger than that in 1D NPCs; while for the optimal relative bandwidths of omni-PBG, the corresponding promotions are 41.1% (52.3%) and 16.1% (22.6%), respectively. In addition, when defective 1D GPCs have gradient-material defect, the position of defect modes can be adjusted by selecting proper parameters of the gradient materials. These types of research are useful for designing wide PBG devices and tunable narrow-band filters which have potential application in optical communication.

Enhanced and controllable reflected group delay based on Tamm surface plasmons with Dirac semimetals

The reflected group delay from a multilayer structure comprising a one-dimensional photonic crystal coated with a bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) separated by a spacer layer is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the group delay of the reflected beam in this structure can be significantly negatively enhanced and switched from negative to positive. The enhanced group delay originates from the steep phase change caused by the excitation of the optical Tamm state at the interface between the BDS and spacer layer. Moreover, positive and negative group delays can be actively tuned through the Fermi energy and the relaxation time of the BDS. We believe that this enhanced and tunable delay scheme has important research significance for the fabrication of optical delay devices.

Mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal like block copolymers: synthesis and self-assembly to prepare 1D PC thin films

One dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) show great potential application in light control, sensors and functional displays. Self-assembly of block copolymer is a facile method to prepare 1D PCs in large area and easy processing. However, due to the low refractive index of polymer and the chain entanglement at very high molecular weight, it is difficult to prepare 1D PCs by self-assembly of linear block copolymers. In this work, mesogen-jacketed liquid crystals like block copolymers with two different lumbar connected benzene terephthalate derivatives and polynorbornene backbone are designed and synthesized. The big steric hindrance of the mesogenic benzene terephthalate derivatives extends the polymer backbone to be rigid, and the resultant block copolymers are rapidly self-assembled into lamellar structures with big domain spacing. The refractive indexes of the two blocks is differentiated by selecting the phenyl and decyl substitute group of benzene terephthalate derivatives. Hence, 1D PCs are prepared by self-assembly of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystals like block copolymers. The maximum reflectance is ranged from ultraviolet to near infrared by increasing the polymerization degree of the block copolymers from 400 to 1400 gradually. The lamellar structures are characterized by cross section scanning electron microscope and small angle X ray scattering. Mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal like block copolymer is favored in 1D PC preparation for its facile synthesis and flexible structure design.

Dirac semimetals Tamm plasmons-induced low-threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies

In this paper, we theoretically study the optical bistability (OB) of reflected beams in a composite multilayer structure with three-dimensional Dirac semimetals (3D DSMs) and one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) on both sides of the spacer layer. The optical Tamm states (OTSs) excited by the 3D DSMs-1D PC multilayer structure significantly enhances the local electric field near the nonlinear 3D DSMs, which provides a positive condition for the realization of low threshold OB. Through parameter optimization, we obtain a threshold electric field with an incident electric field of 106 V/m levels. Furthermore, the influences of the Fermi energy of 3D DSMs, the angle of the incident light and dispersion characteristics of the spacer layer on the hysteretic behavior and the threshold of OB are clarified. We believe above results will provide possible options for nonlinear optical bistable devices.

On-site colorimetric detection of adulterated gasoline using highly reflective 1D photonic crystal sensors based on photo-crosslinked polymer–titania hybrids

The adulteration and distribution of pure commercial gasoline remain a global problem because of the lack of a simple method for the rapid on-site detection of adulterated gasoline. Therefore, herein, we propose a simple method, based on highly reflective one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs), for the on-site rapid colorimetric detection of adulterated gasoline by the naked eye. A photo-crosslinked copolymer–titania hybrid (Ti70) with a high refractive index and a photo-crosslinked methyl acrylate (MA)-based polymeric material containing 4-benzoylphenyl acrylate (BPA) (P(MA-co-BPA)) with a low refractive index were synthesized, characterized, and used in the fabrication of an 11-layered 1D PC sensor (Ti70/P(MA-co-BPA) PC). Ti70/P(MA-co-BPA) PC exhibited no color change in pure commercial gasoline. However, when Ti70/P(MA-co-BPA) PC was immersed in methanol, xylene, toluene, and benzene, it rapidly turned from bluish-purple to blue, sky-blue, greenish-yellow, and reddish-orange, respectively, and had high reflectivities. Additionally, when immersed in binary (gasoline/toluene and gasoline/methanol) and ternary (gasoline/toluene/methanol) mixtures, Ti70/P(MA-co-BPA) PC demonstrated significant color changes within short periods (~2 min). Ti70/P(MA-co-BPA) PC exhibited excellent recyclability, which was verified via repeated swelling/deswelling tests for 10 cycles. These results indicate the applicability of the proposed novel Ti70/P(MA-co-BPA) PC for the rapid on-site colorimetric detection of adulterated gasoline by the naked-eye. We believe that the findings of this study will provide considerable insight for developing simple and high-performance 1D PC sensors for practical use and will also serve as a basis for exploring their potential applications.

Tunable optical bistability in graphene Tamm plasmon/Bragg reflector hybrid structure at terahertz frequencies

Tunable optical bistability (OB) plays an active role in the manipulation of optical switches. Here, by combining graphene with one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) with a defect layer, we theoretically design a simple multilayer structure to manipulate OB. Through the coupling of Tamm plasmon (TP) and defect mode (DM), an induced narrow peak can be generated in the original wide reflection angle, so it presents a richer situation of OB. The theoretical results show that the OB can be adjusted by optimizing the Fermi energy, the number of graphene layers. In addition, the effects of incident angle, the thickness of defect layer, and other structural parameters on OB are also clarified. We believe the above results can provide a new paradigm for the construction of controllable bistable devices.

Tunable optical bistability based on Bloch surface waves in one-dimensional photonic crystal with graphene

Graphene possesses large nonlinear conductivity in terahertz region, which makes it a very promising material for nonlinear bistable devices. In this paper, we theoretically study the optical bistability (OB) of reflected beam in a multilayer structure with graphene embedded between the truncated layer and the substrate. The Bloch surface wave excited by the one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) coupling structure significantly enhances the local electric field near the nonlinear graphene, which provides a positive condition for the realization of low-threshold OB. Through parameter optimization, we obtain a threshold electric field with an incident electric field of 105 V/m levels. Furthermore, the influences of graphene’s Fermi energy and relaxation time, as well as those of the incidence angle, on the hysteretic behavior and the threshold of OB are clarified. This approach may provide a feasible scheme for the nonlinear optical bistable devices.

Theoretical Study on Polycarbonate-Based One-Dimensional Ternary Photonic Structures from Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Regions of Electromagnetic Spectrum

In the present research work, we have theoretically analyzed the photonic band-gap properties of one-dimensional photonic structures composed of polycarbonate and non-glass materials. These photonic structures, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4, are composed of alternating layers of polycarbonate/Al2O3, polycarbonate/MgF2, polycarbonate/BaF2 and polycarbonate/TiO2 materials, respectively. The period of each photonic structure is made up of a thin non-glass material layer sandwiched between two identical polycarbonate layers. The transfer matrix method has been used to investigate the transmission properties of PC1 to PC4. The comparison between the transmission spectra of PC1 to PC4 shows that the polycarbonate and TiO2-based photonic structure (PC4) possess three PBGs of zero transmission located at far-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum at normal and oblique incidence (θ0 = 55°), both corresponding to TE wave only. The index of refraction of all five materials used in this study was obtained by applying the Sellmeier-type dispersion relationship to ensure accuracy in the results. The purpose of selecting polycarbonate along with Al2O3, TiO2, MgF2 or BaF2 as constituent materials of these photonic structures is due to the heat resistance properties of polycarbonate and the unique optical properties of oxide and fluoride materials with wide transparency from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The proposed work can be used to design some influential wavelength-selective reflectors composed of 1D PCs behind the active region of the solar cells for improving the photovoltaic performance of solar panels. This study can further be utilized for the fabrication of advanced solar cell designs consisting of 1D photonic mirror-based luminescence and reflection concentrators. The low temperature problem which arises in satellites may also be overcome with the help of smart windows based on the proposed multilayer structures.

Density of Bloch states inside a one dimensional photonic crystal

The density of Bloch modes inside a one dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) is formulated based on its dispersion relations. This density function has applications in thermal emission inside a 1D PC, as well as controlling the dynamics of active materials embedded in them. After deriving the formulations, a practical 1D PC parameters in the visible range are used to calculate the density of transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. Compared to the alternative methods such as using Dyadic Greens functions, this method is less complex and is exact. The method applies to any anisotropic medium for which the dispersion equations are available, analytically.