12th Five-Year Plan Research Articles

A Classification System for the Sustainable Management of Contaminated Sites Coupled with Risk Identification and Value Accounting

Currently, site contamination is considered to be a sustained, international environmental challenge, and there is an urgent practical need to build a core theoretical system and technical methodology for the sustainable risk management of soil contamination, together with its prevention and control. We aim to improve the risk management of contaminated sites in the post-remediation era, in line with the current trend of sustainable development. The work is based on the theory of sustainability science and the eco-environmental zoning system., In this study, we build a conceptual model that can be used to classify the sustainable performance of contaminated sites in terms of risk management in line with the existing environmental management system for contaminated sites in China. To provide a scientific decision-making basis and technical support for the refined classification management of soil environments in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, five typical contaminated sites were selected for a quantitative evaluation by applying multi-technical approaches, including sociological, economic and statistical methods. The results showed that the sustainable performance of contaminated sites with regard to management was affected not only by pollution risk factors but also by potential utility benefits. Specified management strategies should be developed according to different levels of sustainability so as to achieve the goals of improving land use efficiency and enhancing urban functions.

Exploration on the Significance and Implementation Strategies of Enhancing Physical Exercise in Cultivating the Struggle Spirit of College Students from the Perspective of Sports-education Integration

2021 is the first year of China's "14th Five-Year Plan", and it is also the year of striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. With the development of current society and technology, series of practical problems such as home isolation, campus closure, and online teaching have gradually emerged, which has led to a serious lack of sports for college students at school, unable to relax their physical and mental development, and gradually reducing their physical and mental health. The cultivation and forging of quality and character will. Therefore, in this critical period , how to cultivate qualified successors is particularly important. This article takes firm ideals and beliefs as the core, strengthens physical exercise and strengthens setback education as the starting point, elaborates in detail the requirements of the times for contemporary college students to cultivate the spirit of struggle, analyzes the significance of cultivating the spirit of struggle for contemporary college students, and concludes that the cultivation of the spirit of struggle is not only a practical Practicing the important spirit of "four self-confidence" and realizing the specific requirements of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is also an important method for the implementation of " integration of sports and education " in colleges and universities , and is closely related to the development of contemporary college students

Can carbon emission trading pilot policy drive industrial structure low-carbon restructuring: new evidence from China.

Industrial structure low-carbon restructuring is an essential channel to accelerate China's economic growth and fulfilling carbon emission reduction goals. Whether carbon emission trading pilot policy, as an influential carbon reduction instrument, fosters industrial structure low-carbon restructuring is of major significance to green economic development. This paper empirically investigates the shock of the carbon emission trading pilot policy on industrial structure low-carbon restructuring using the differences-in-differences (DID) and synthetic control method (SCM). Statistics reveal that sectors with low carbon productivity, such as electricity, steam, and hot water production and supply, ferrous metal smelting and pressing, etc., and sectors with high carbon productivity, such as electrical equipment and machinery, electronics and telecommunication equipment, etc. The industrial structure did not develop a stable trend of change before the 12th Five-Year Plan, but a stable trend of low-carbon restructuring emerged after such a period. Carbon emission trading pilot policy significantly facilitates industrial structural low-carbon restructuring. Carbon emission trading pilot policy inhibits energy-intensive industries in the industrial sector significantly, which promotes industrial structure low-carbon restructuring. Therefore, policymakers need to develop a nationwide carbon emission trading market that includes more industries to guide production factors to industrial sectors with high carbon productivity for industrial restructuring and dual carbon goals.

Ultra-low emission standards and corporate production performance: Evidence from Chinese thermal power companies

Finding ways to use coal efficiently and reduce its impact on air pollution is a long-term task that will take sustained work. The impact of ultra-low emission standards (ULES) on corporate productive performance cannot be ignored. Taking the implementation of ULES as a quasi-natural experiment, and using data for listed companies from 2010 to 2018, this paper studies the influence of ULES on the upgrading of thermal power plants using a difference-in-difference (DID) model. The results indicate that ULES significantly inhibits improvements in the productivity of thermal power corporations. This conclusion remained valid after a PSM-DID estimation, the interference of carbon emission trading policy and the 13th Five-Year Plan double control index management on the regression coefficient was eliminated, and a placebo test was used to eliminate interference from other unobservable factors. Further analysis shows that ULES affect corporate productive performance by increasing costs, squeezing out innovation, and reducing efficiency. Moreover, non-state-owned corporations, corporations with highly constrained finances, and corporations in China's eastern region are more obviously affected by ULES. Although ULES for thermal power generation has significantly improved environmental performance, the design of environmental standards should also consider the economic costs, and risks of the green and low-carbon transition process.

Anthropogenic NOx Emission Estimations over East China for 2015 and 2019 Using OMI Satellite Observations and the New Inverse Modeling System CIF-CHIMERE

The Chinese government introduced regulations to control emissions and reduce the level of NOx pollutants for the first time with the 12th Five-Year Plan in 2011. Since then, the changes in NOx emissions have been assessed using various approaches to evaluate the impact of the regulations. Complementary to the previous studies, this study estimates anthropogenic NOx emissions in 2015 and 2019 over Eastern China using as a reference the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP) v2.2 emission inventory for 2010 and the new variational inversion system the Community Inversion Framework (CIF) interfaced with the CHIMERE regional chemistry transport model and OMI satellite observations. We also compared the estimated NOx emissions with the independent Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) v1.3, from 2015. The inversions show a slight global decrease in NOx emissions (in 2015 and 2019 compared to 2010), mainly limited to the most urbanized and industrialized locations. In the locations such as Baotou, Pearl River Delta, and Wuhan, the estimations in 2015 compared to 2010 are consistent with the target reduction (10%) of the 12th Five-Year Plan. Comparisons between our emission estimates and MEIC emissions in 2015 suggest that our estimates likely underestimate the emission reductions between 2010 and 2015 in the most polluted locations of Eastern China. However, our estimates suggest that the MEIC inventory overestimates emissions in regions where MEIC indicates an increase of the emissions compared to 2010.

Simulating dynamics of pressure and fluid saturation at grid-scale by a deep learning-based surrogate reservoir modeling based on a fast-supply hybrid database and developing preliminary insights for future gas hydrate exploitations in China

Advances in intelligent surrogate models have made them important tools in reservoir simulation. These tools are data-based in nature; Hence, their efficiency, besides the type of training system, always depends on the quality of the data source. Finite difference-based simulators usually provide the dynamic data required for these tools. Since the provision of this data is often time-consuming, in the process of designing an intelligent surrogate model, it is always necessary to use a recursive strategy in the training and simulation phase that imposes an additional error accumulation on the system, which is the inevitable essence of recursive algorithms. The current study uses a hybrid data source based on finite difference and the streamline data instead of the conventional solo finite-difference source. This method speeds up preparing the required database for the surrogate model and allows direct training algorithms to be applied in the training phase due to the rapid provision of data over long intervals. As a result, the introduced platform simplifies the data supply process, increases the efficiency of the model training, and greatly accelerates the use of the trained model in the practical usage phase. After establishment, the performance of the introduced surrogate model was validated by testing it on the model of the 10th SPE comparative solution project under various injection/production scenarios during a water flooding process. Consequently, satisfying results were achieved, and the reliability of the developed surrogate model was confirmed. Therefore, the model is expected to be of practical usage in other reservoirs as well. Moreover, preliminary insights were developed for adopting the introduced methodology of the present study for simulating the reservoir conditions in gas exploitation from natural gas hydrate reservoirs in China which are one of the main focuses of the 14th five-year development plan of the country from 2021 to 2025.

Towards achieving the sustainable development goal 9: Analyzing the role of green innovation culture on market performance of Chinese SMEs.

Green innovation culture is essential to the Chinese 14th five-year plan aligned with sustainable development goal 9. This study examines the relationship between green innovation culture and market performance of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We evaluated hypothesis by taking a sample of 564 SMEs employees in China through an online survey. The structural equation modelling (SEM) method is used to analyze data. The findings showed that green innovation culture positively influence product and marketing innovation. Similarly, marketing innovation positively affects product innovation and market performance. In addition, product innovation has a substantial effect on market performance. The outcomes of this study imply that SMEs in emerging economies should concentrate on green innovation culture to improve their market performance. In addition, the identification of study limitations and suggestions for further research are also addressed for all stakeholders involved with SMEs.

Research Progress on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in Mines

The environmental problems caused by heavy metal pollution in mines are becoming more and more serious, especially the large-scale heavy metal pollution will cause the waste of land resources. At present, there are many remediation methods for heavy metal contaminated soil in mines, and the results of research and practice are scattered, without big data analysis. This paper summarizes the current remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil in mines, and puts forward some suggestions for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mines in the future. China is one of the countries rich in mineral resources. With the rapid growth of national economy, the development speed of mineral resources is accelerating, forming a large area of mined-out areas and abandoned land of metal mines, and the land area polluted by mineral resources development is expanding accordingly. The development of metal mines not only promotes the development of national economy, but also brings severe environmental problems. Chemical agents are usually used in the mining and dressing process of metal mines, and the harmful substances produced are fixed in the soil after circulation, which causes soil pollution and damages to the soil in different degrees. Soil pollution in metal mines is hidden, irreversible and lasting for a long time. Heavy metals are ingested by human body through food chain flow and atmospheric circulation, threatening human health and ecological security. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the state attaches great importance to the construction of ecological civilization. Mine ecological restoration is one of the quantitative indicators assessed by local governments, and the restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil is an unavoidable problem. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and try to find the best solution.

Two-level allocation and its future change of CO2 reduction responsibility in China's power sector

Promoting the low-carbon development of the power sector is an important means for China to achieve the emissions peak and carbon neutralization targets, while the rational allocation of emission reduction responsibility is the prerequisite for low-carbon electricity. This paper proposes a two-level mechanism to allocate CO2 emission reduction responsibilities based on the principles of fairness, efficiency and sustainability. First, a graph game model considering the distribution of regional resources and mutual cooperation is established to initially allocate national emission reduction responsibilities to 8 regions in 2019. Then, taking the inter-provincial transfer of CO2 emissions into consideration, the Game-theory combination weighting method is used to allocate the regional responsibilities to corresponding provinces. The results show that the Southwest has the least responsibility (−0.24%), while the North and East are responsible for +28.66% and +26.64%, respectively. At provincial level, Inner Mongolia (+10.13%), Shandong (+8.56%), Jiangsu (+8.16%) and Hebei (+7.12%) have a greater responsibility for emission reduction, while the provinces with the least responsibility are Chongqing (−0.06%) and Sichuan (−0.18%). To further explore how the responsibility will change in the future and what can be improved for each province, three scenarios are set up to allocate the responsibility in 2025, 2035 and 2050, and highlight the changes during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. If the growth rate of power demand increases, the responsibility of Northwest (+0.89%) will increase most compared to BAU, among which Xinjiang (+0.26%) and Ningxia (+0.23%) with low efficiency and unclean power generation will significantly bear more responsibilities. If the non-fossil growth rate increases, the large-scale electricity consumers such as East (+0.27%) and North (+0.25%) will show the largest change, with Jiangsu and Shandong account for +0.09% and +0.08%, respectively.

Life cycle carbon footprint of electric arc furnace steelmaking processes under different smelting modes in China

Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process is an important way to realize recycling of scrap resources and sustainable development of iron and steel industry, which is orderly guided and major promoted during the 14th Five-Year Plan for achieving the carbon neutrality goal before 2060. The smelting modes with full scrap and hot metal added are two main methods in EAF steelmaking process in China, and there is still a lack of effective quantitative means and consensus on the smelting mode of lower carbon emissions. In this paper, based on the function unit of 1000 kg of molten steel, the life cycle carbon footprint (CF) of EAF steelmaking process under 13 current smelting modes were comprehensively analyzed and quantized. The results showed that with the hot metal ratio increased by 80.29%, the life cycle CF increased by 962.718 (45.85%) kg CO2 eq, the upstream CF of blast furnace ironmaking and sintering increased by 1944.544 (63.50%) and 674.194 (22.02%) kg CO2 eq. Reducing the hot metal ratio or indirect CF of hot metal production will rapidly lower the total CF of EAF steelmaking process. With the mass of carbon powder and natural gas increased by 24.82 and 9.84 kg, the life cycle CF decreased by 52.81 and 82.03 kg CO2 eq, respectively. Adopting full scrap smelting mode with appropriate amount of carbon powder and natural gas, or applying clean energy power production and low-carbon materials will be the best choice of future EAF steelmaking process.

Analysis on the Management and Maintenance of Computer Labs in Higher Vocational Colleges

With the continuous development of society, computers are playing an increasingly important role in people's lives, and the application of computer technology is becoming more and more widespread in various industries. The "Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan" issued by the Ministry of Education points out that educational informatization is the basic connotation and significant feature of education modernization, and it is a key content and important sign of "Education Modernization 2035." During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, schools, teachers, and students have built three major educational basic databases. The "14th Five-Year Plan" for National Informatization also explicitly proposes the requirements to improve the level of educational informatization infrastructure construction and build a high-quality educational support system. Therefore, the development of networks and computer technology has become the foundation for adhering to the strategy of building a strong country through science and technology and prioritizing educational development. In order to meet the needs of teaching and scientific researching, higher vocational colleges often establish computer labs to meet the demands of teaching and scientific researching when offering computer-related courses. As the number and scale of computer labs continue to increase, if the management and maintenance of computer labs are not strengthened, it will seriously affect the quality of teaching and scientific researching. Therefore, this paper starts with the current situation of the management and maintenance of computer labs in higher vocational colleges, analyzing the existing problems, and proposes solutions, in the hope of providing some reference for the management and maintenance of computer labs in higher vocational colleges.

The Evolution of Domestic Waste Classification Policies and Their Outcome Analysis: The Case of Shanghai Municipality and Beijing Municipality

With the development of the times, the phenomenon of garbage surrounded by cities in China is becoming more and more serious, in 2016, China’s Development and Reform Commission issued the "13th Five-Year Plan" for the construction of harmless treatment facilities for urban household garbage in China, China officially began to carry out garbage classification, Shanghai and Beijing as a pilot city in the practice of garbage classification policy is more representative and Shanghai and Beijing, as pilot cities, are more representative and typical in the practice of garbage classification policy. This paper adopts the method of content analysis to analyze the changes in the nature of China’s domestic garbage classification policy and the results of Shanghai and Beijing . Suggestions are made to develop simple and easy-to-understand garbage classification standards, improve garbage classification facilities, increase publicity, develop online publicity channels, and reduce the operability of regulations.

Research on the development of China’s cultural tourism Industry during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period

During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period (2021-2025), China will enter the era of mass tourism, and the development of tourism industry is still in an important strategic opportunity period, but there are new opportunities and challenges. The article analyses the development status of cultural tourism in China and the development trend of China’s cultural tourism industry, and proposes countermeasures for the problems faced by China’s cultural tourism industry during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period from the aspects of theme development, industry chain building, resource utilization and cultural creativity.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ В СТРАНАХ-ЧЛЕНАХ ШОС (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КНР)

After many years of development, the global energy transformation has moved from a period of initial accumulation to a period of comprehensive build-up, which contributes to the accelerated evolution and reconstruction of the global energy and industrial system. The energy revolution in China is on the rise: the country has already formed a multi-purpose supply system. China is now well positioned to accelerate the transformation in the field of alternative energy. However, the problem of unbalanced and insufficient use is still relevant for Celestial Empire (China). The level of modernization of the national production chain, as well as its security, needs to be improved, and building a modern power system has both advantages and clear disadvantages. Over the past few years, China has been actively promoting the development and use of “green energy”. The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) is the first Five-Year Plan for the People’s Republic of China, from which a new path for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist state begins. As part of that plan, the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in China by 2060 was also put forward. The direction of energy development of the “14th Five-Year Plan” is of decisive importance, which will directly affect the medium and long-term trends of China’s economic and social development.

Research on Core Literacy Promotion Strategy of W Higher Vocational College Students in Henan Province in the Double Reduction Era of China

The national "14th Five-Year Plan" clearly points out that we should cultivate the prospective teachers who have the spirit, strong adaptability, dare to explore and other abilities. As a training base of prospective teachers, higher vocational colleges should constantly pay attention to the cultivation of core qualities of normal university students' emotion, knowledge and ability. The policy of "double reduction" puts forward new requirements for in-service teachers, and also brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the training of higher vocational normal university students. Based on this, this paper starts with the connotation of the core quality of normal university students in higher vocational colleges, takes W vocational colleges in Henan Province as an example, analyzes the difficulties faced by the cultivation of normal vocational students in Henan Province in the era of double reduction, and puts forward the strategy of improving the core quality of normal vocational students in Henan Province in the era of double reduction.

Development Status and Carbon Dioxide Emission Forecast of Power Industry in Guangxi

This paper uses the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning(leap) system model to predict the carbon dioxide emissions of the power industry and calculate the carbon peak platform period of the power industry in Guangxi, which is based on the development status of the power industry and the energy and power development plan in Guangxi during the "14th Five-Year Plan". The results show that the power structure of Guangxi is at an excellent level in the country. In 2021, the installed proportion of clean energy is 55.1% (the national average level of 44.7% in 2020), and the proportion of thermal power generation is 55.7% (the national average level of 68.5% in 2020). With the strong economic recovery , the demand for electricity in Guangxi will continue to increase. By 2025 and 2030, the electricity consumption of the whole society will reach 2.9 ×1012 kW•h and 3.7×1012 kW•h, respectively, with an average annual growth rate of about 7.1% and 5.3%. The installed power generation capacity will reach 9.4 ×107 kW and 1.5 ×108 kW, respectively. The power generation will reach 3.0 ×1012 kW•h and 4.2×1012 kW•h electricity, respectively. However, Due to the influence of resource endowment, meteorological conditions, energy storage technology and other constraints on non-fossil energy power generation, it is difficult to achieve large-scale replacement of traditional energy power generation in a short term. It is estimated that coal power production will account for 45% and 30% of the total power generation respectively in Guangxi by 2025 and 2030. Coal power will continue to be the main provider of power security for a long time in the future. Therefore, according to the current situation of power development planning, it is estimated that the carbon emission of Guangxi will reach 9.2×107 t by 2030. The carbon peak platform period of power generation industry will appear in 2029 to 2032, with a peak value of 1.1 × 108 t.

Construction for the "1234" innovative ability cultivation mode, focusing on improving the quality of applied talents cultivation

Cultivating the innovation ability and thinking of undergraduates and improving the practical operation ability of undergraduates is a powerful starting point for improving the quality of application-oriented talent training, and it is a measure and effective method for local undergraduate colleges to build a high-level application-oriented university. Based on the development plan of our school's "14th Five-Year Plan" and taking the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering as an example, this paper elaborates on the background, strategy, effect of construction, and future work ideas and assumptions of the "1234" innovation ability cultivation model. It provides reference and reference for the exploration of talent training in sister universities and their science and engineering departments.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Grid Green Development with Ecosystem from the Perspective of Energy Industry Chain

In the context of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the "Dual Carbon Goals", the green development of power grid not only affects the transformation of the energy power system, but also profoundly affects the formation of the green production and lifestyle of the economy and society. Therefore, it is urgent to study the coupling relationship between green development of power grid and ecosystem to adapt to the new situation. This paper establishes the comprehensive evaluation of grid green development with ecosystem from the perspective of energy industry chain and then quantitatively evaluate the level of green development.

Adaptability Study of Higher Vocational Education Enabling the Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry --Equipment Manufacturing Industry in Guangdong Province as an Example

Guangdong is the first economic province in China, and by the end of 2022, the GDP of Guangdong Province has ranked first in the country for 34 consecutive years. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan", Guangdong Province has vigorously developed the manufacturing industry, insisted on the manufacturing industry as the leader, focused on the development of advanced manufacturing industry and high-tech manufacturing industry, promoted the development of the industrial structure to a higher level, and initially formed a "one nucleus, one belt, one area" manufacturing industry synergistic development pattern, in the In terms of scale strength, innovation level and foreign trade cooperation, Guangdong manufacturing is in the national leading level. In the new stage of development, Guangdong manufacturing is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading to reshape its competitive advantages. Vocational education shoulders the important mission of serving regional economic development, and the development of vocational education can provide strong talent support for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Through the integration of industry and education, it is conducive to promoting the technological research and development and product innovation of enterprises, and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises in the international market, so as to empower the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province.

The Increasing Role of Synergistic Effects in Carbon Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement, and Its Associated Health Benefits in China

A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such synergistic effects; hence, existing studies lack a consistent framework for comparison. Here, we introduce a new synergistic indicator defined as the pollutant generation per gross domestic product (GDP) and adopt an integrated analysis framework by linking the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, response surface model (RSM), and global exposure mortality model (GEMM) to evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon mitigation on both air pollutant reduction and public health in China. The results show that synergistic effects played an increasingly important role in the emissions mitigation of SO 2 , NO x , and primary particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), and the synergistic mitigation of pollutants respectively increase from 3.1, 1.4, and 0.3 Mt during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) (2006–2010) to 5.6, 3.7, and 1.9 Mt during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). Against the non-control scenario, synergistic effects alone contributed to a 15% reduction in annual mean PM 2.5 concentration, resulting in the prevention of 0.29 million (95% CI: 0.28–0.30) PM 2.5 -attributable excess deaths in 2015. Synergistic benefits to air quality improvement and public health were remarkable in the developed and population-dense eastern provinces and municipalities. With the processes of urbanization and carbon neutrality in the future, synergistic effects are expected to continue to increase. Realizing climate targets in advance in developed regions would concurrently bring strong synergistic effects to air quality and public health.