12th Five-Year Plan Research Articles

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" Period, On Promoting the Construction of Ecological Hui Tea Under the Theory of Circular Economy and Helping Rural Revitalization

With the improvement of people's living standards and health requirements, green, healthy and high-quality beverages are people's highest requirements. Tea as a beverage requires ecological development in terms of planting, processing, packaging and sales. Combined with the emphasis on rural revitalization during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the application of circular economy to the development of the tea industry is the general trend of the development direction of the tea industry. Huoshan County is located in the west of Anhui Province, rich in tea, but still faces poverty problems, which has typical research significance. This paper predicts China's tea sales in recent years through the gray correlation prediction model, analyzes the development status and scale of the tea industry in recent years, and then combines the actual situation of Huoshan County and links with the circular economy, so as to provide some suggestions for promoting the construction of tea economy and the construction of ecological Huoshan tea in Huoshan County, relying on the tea industry to drive tea villages to get rid of poverty and become rich.

The Impact of Chinese Enterprises' Environmental Investment on the Development of Green Finance

Green finance is an important economic means to promote sustainable development. It is also an important way for enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility and design ESG strategies. Green finance is of great significance to China's 14th Five-Year Plan and social and economic development. As governments and social organizations around the world pay more attention to environmental protection, the political design of green finance in China is constantly improving and the number of market players is increasing. At the same time, the research on green finance has gradually shifted from macro-level policy research to micro-level research on green financial products and trading behavior. However, there are still some issues with how green finance is done, and there is a lack of research on the performance of enterprises in green finance and the quantitative evaluation of green finance. Based on the development status of green finance in China, this paper reviews the existing problems and previous studies of green finance and puts forward relevant conclusions on the future development of green finance, such as attaching importance to ESG participation of enterprises and quantitative evaluation and research development.

Study on Marx's Engineering Architecture Theory

Marx's theory of engineering architecture is a necessary condition for the construction of engineering projects, but also in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics on the basis of practice on the development of architectural theory research needs. The perfect conclusion of the "13th Five-Year Plan" laid a solid economic foundation for us. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China embarked on a new journey of socialist modernization and entered a new stage of development. Based on the double cycle of domestic and international, we must develop new engineering projects under the guidance of Marx's engineering theory, and adhere to the quality first and efficiency first of engineering construction. We will strive to achieve the ambitious goal of a new type of industrialization by 2035. Therefore, exploring Marx's theory of engineering architecture is conducive to improving the level of economic development, coordinating the five-in-one overall layout and realizing the task of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Frequency and Causes of Oil Spill Accidents from Ships and Storage Tanks in Quanzhou, China

With the rapid development of Quanzhou, the risk of offshore oil spill accidents has increased. Once a spill accident takes place, the spilled oil causes decades or even hundreds of years of continuous pollution to the marine environment. The direct economic loss may be as high as hundreds of millions of yuan, while the natural resources that are almost impossible to fully recover after such pollution may generate inestimable indirect economic losses in the long term. Therefore, predicting the accident probability, analyzing the causes of risk and putting forward suggestions for improvement have important practical guiding significance for reducing the risk and improving the emergency prevention and ability to control offshore oil spill accidents. Based on the statistical data of cargo throughput, the number of ships entering and leaving the port, and maritime pollution accidents in Quanzhou from 2011 to 2020, the frequency of oil spills during the 14th Five-Year Plan could be predicted by using the direct calculation method and fault tree analysis (FAT). The results show that the frequency of operational and average oil spills from ships are once in 4.92 years and once in 2.41 years, respectively, while the frequency of oil spills from storage tanks is once in 7.28 years. The main causes are anthropic factors, which are manifested as irregular operation, misoperation, unfamiliar equipment, disorganization of the emergency response and failure of the emergency facilities. Therefore, the suggestions put forward for reducing accidents in the future include enhancing the inspection of crew member qualifications as well as the offshore supervision of engineering operation vessels and fishing vessels, increasing the proportion of terminal emergency equipment and personnel and participation in emergency actions, clarifying the division of responsibilities between the terminal and cleanup company, and revising the relevant standards for the evaluation of the terminal's ability to cope with the emergency of offshore oil spill accidents.

Research on the evolution and driving factors of digitalization of energy in China—A new perspective based on coupling coordination

The world is experiencing the tide of digital transformation. Promoting the digitalization of energy is an important measure to realize energy sustainability. The digitalization of energy is a product of the coupled and coordinated development of the energy industry and the digital economy. This paper takes 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 as research objects. The Entropy Weight Method is used to measure the development level of China's energy industry and digital economy, and the Coupling Coordination Degree Model is used to measure the digitalization of energy (DE). Then, the evolution characteristics and driving factors of China's DE are studied by using Grey Prediction Model, Kernel Density Analysis Method and Geodetector Model. The conclusions are mainly as follows: (1) Though the development level of energy industry and digital economy in China are both growing over time, there are distinct features in their spatial distribution. (2) The DE is in a disorderly state as a whole, but it will be upgraded to the stage of barely coordinated during China's 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021–2025). From the evolutionary process, the distribution pattern and trend changes of DE are characterized by obvious polarization distribution and increasing absolute differences, and this feature is more obvious in the central and western regions. (3) Government support, FDI, and pollution governance have an increasing impact on DE, but this impact varies considerably between the east and central-west regions. Therefore, this paper suggests that local governments should formulate policies to promote the DE according to local conditions. The central government should focus on accelerating the construction of the “East Digital West Computing” project and the development of the energy Internet to solve the problem of uneven regional development.

Research on sustainable development evaluation and improvement path of resource-based cities based on coupling of emergy and system dynamics.

The evaluation of the sustainable development of resource-based cities is still one of the hotspots in today's social research. Taking Jining, Shandong Province, as the research object, this work combines a relevant emergy evaluation index system with system dynamics, establishes a resource-based city emergy flow system dynamics model, and studies sustainable development path in the next planning year. In the work, the key factors affecting the sustainable development of Jining are obtained through the coupling of regression and SD sensitivity analysis, and some scenarios are set up by combining them with the local 14th Five-year plan. Besides, the appropriate scenario (M-L-H-H) for Jining's future sustainable development is chosen in accordance with regional circumstances. That is, during the 14th Five-year Plan period, the appropriate development ranges for the growth rate of social fixed assets investment, the growth rate of raw coal emergy, the growth rate of grain emergy and the reduction rate of solid waste emergy are 17.5-18.3%, - 4.0 to - 3.2%, 1.8-2.6% and 4-4.8%. The methodology system constructed in this article can serve as a reference for similar studies, and the research findings can aid the government in formulating pertinent plans for resource-based cities.

Research progress on positioning methods of submersibles for underwater detection of dams in the deepwater environment

<p indent="0mm">China has the largest number of high dams and large reservoirs and the fastest dam construction rate in the world. Many countries in Europe and America have experienced high dam and large reservoir collapse accidents or disasters caused by hidden dangers of underwater structures. Relevant experience and lessons have shown that deepwater detection, repair and reinforcement technologies, and equipment are vital for the long-term safe operation of high dams and large reservoirs. Traditional underwater detection in deepwater environments is mainly implemented by underwater unmanned submersibles equipped with optical or acoustic equipment because of the complexity of high dam structures and the particularity of reservoir environments. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the National Key R&amp;D Program approved and developed a manned submersible that is suitable for the deepwater environment of dams and capable of carrying experts in the dam engineering field to the deepwater environment for on-site inspection. These two underwater detection technologies and equipment are effective technologies in detecting, repairing, and reinforcing dam structures in deepwater environments, and underwater precise positioning technology is required for unmanned and manned submersibles to complete various complex underwater tasks in deepwater. First, this paper summarizes existing underwater positioning technologies and methods of unmanned submersibles. According to the principle, underwater positioning methods are divided into four categories: inertial navigation, optics, acoustics, and other methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various positioning methods are analyzed. Furthermore, the adaptability of different underwater positioning technologies, in addition to the complexity of the deepwater environment of high dams, is analyzed from the perspectives of safety guarantee, equipment research and development, economic benefits, etc. The use of acoustic ultra-short baseline devices, buoys, inertial positioning, and physical calibration for underwater positioning is proposed as a development trend for improving the positioning accuracy of the underwater operation of dam detection submersibles in deepwater environments. Various underwater positioning and navigation modes were rationally combined and supplemented to improve the accuracy and reliability of underwater positioning.

The impact of ESG information disclosure on the capital market under the dual-carbon strategy

Judging from the current situation, China has great confidence in achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Looking at our capital market, focusing on the main part of listed companies, as for the question of how to play their own role, when reviewing the 14th Five-Year Plan, we find that green finance has played an irreplaceable role in helping to achieve green and low-carbon sustainable development into a development direction, and ESG information disclosure also increasingly highlighted its importance. This paper will combine the current economic policy background of China, deeply analyze the ESG system framework and explore whether domestic ESG information disclosure is very important for enterprises, because it will affect the status and value of the enterprise itself in the market. At the same time, most theories believe that this disclosure has a strong and far-reaching effect for an enterprise or investor to attach importance to the improvement of ESG performance and encourage the government to expand and play ESG incentive policies.

A Simulation Study on the Impact of the Digital Economy on CO2 Emission Based on the System Dynamics Model

The digital economy plays an important role in achieving the strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” in China. In this study, we construct a system dynamics (SD) model to comprehensively analyze the impact of the digital economy on CO2 emission. First, we simulate and forecast the future baseline of the digital economy, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in China from 2005 to 2040. Second, we study the impact of the digital economy on CO2 emission based on scenario analysis of different digital economy growth rates. Finally, we study the influencing factors of CO2 emission reduction effect of the digital economy. The results indicate the following: (1) CO2 emission will peak in 2034. From 2020 to 2025, the cumulative reduction in energy consumption intensity will be 15.75% and the cumulative reduction in CO2 emission intensity will be 20.9%. Both indicators will reach the national goals during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. However, it will require more effort to realize the goal of the share of non-fossil energy. (2) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and CO2 emission. The digital economy aggravates CO2 emission mainly by promoting energy consumption, but it reduces CO2 emission by promoting the upgrading of the energy consumption structure and reducing the energy consumption intensity. (3) The R&amp;D investment intensity and the environment investment intensity can strengthen the CO2 emission reduction effect of the digital economy. The results will be crucial for carbon reduction and provide policymakers with suggestions for sustainability.

Refined assessment and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions in high-energy intensive industrial sectors in China

Carbon emissions from high-energy intensive industrial sectors are the focus of this study due to the huge energy consumption of these sectors. A refined carbon emission inventory of Chinese high-energy intensive industrial sectors in 2020 was first developed at the point source level. The results showed that coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) were the leading contributors to carbon emissions, followed by iron and steel smelting (ISS) and cement production (CMP). Provinces with high carbon emission intensity were mainly concentrated in the north and northeast coasts, while exhibiting a developed economic level and a concentration of heavy industries. Additionally, the growth in China's industrial carbon emissions from 1995 to 2020 can be divided into three phases. The largest decrease in emission intensity was observed in Central, Southwest, North, and East China. Furthermore, the economic structure remained the dominant driver of carbon emissions from the 10th to 13th Five-Year Plan (FYP), playing a positive promotional role. The contribution of economic structure, energy intensity, and energy structure to carbon emissions varied substantially by region and period. With the proposal of sustainable development and energy conservation in China, the influence of economic structure on the carbon emissions of industrial sectors has gradually weakened since the 11th FYP. The reduction in industrial carbon emissions in China under three scenarios could reach up to 46.6 % from 2030 to 2050. The results indicate that industrial carbon emission control in China needs to be integrated into the refined control pathway for conventional air pollutants, considering the spatial variability of industrial carbon emissions in China.

Citizen Perspective on the Development of Sustainability Indicators—A Case Study based on the West Bund, Shanghai

Sustainability indicators are essential technical tools for monitoring and managing sustainable urban development. The challenge of developing sustainability indicators in the urban context lies in the lack of a participatory approach that integrates the bottom-up perspective of citizens. Therefore, taking the 14th Five-Year Plan development indicators in the West Bund of Shanghai as the case study, this paper provides policy recommendations for the readjustment and iteration of the local indicators for the Xuhui District Government by identifying the local citizens’ viewpoints and investigating its differences with the policymakers’ views. Totally ten local participants were involved in the structured interviews. Holistically, the perspective of local citizens presents the features of actively intervening in community governance, prioritising community benefits, and trusting the decision-making of local policymakers. This paper then argues that policymakers in a dominant position with preferences in economic indicators should take the initiative to provide an increase in facility-based indicators, effective feedback channels, and professional training in sustainability for local citizens in a secondary position who focus on the improvement of their living experience. The outcomes contribute to the materialisation of the West Bund’s governance goals and the further refinement of integrated solutions for sustainability indicator development.

Coal-carbon-pollutant Coordinated Control of Coal Chemical Industry Under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Constraints

Under carbon peak and carbon neutrality constraints, the coal chemical industry should take stricter measures to tackle carbon reduction. Based on the intensity differences of five major coal and carbon reduction measures applied by the coal chemical industry, which include raw material structure adjustment, fuel structure adjustment, energy-saving technology transformation, terminal capture technology, and industrial structure adjustment, this study adopted the downstream sector demand method and project method, combined with the air pollution reduction model, to predict three scenarios (benchmark, policy, and enhancement) of coal chemical industry peak year and peak amount of coal consumption and carbon dioxide emission, associated with air pollutant reduction row effects. The results showed that coal consumption under the benchmark and policy scenarios of the coal chemical industry is expected to reach a peak in the late period of China's "14th Five-Year Plan", with peak values of 0.96 billion and 0.93 billion tons, respectively. By contrast, under the enhanced scenario, it is expected to peak in the early period of the "14th Five-Year Plan" with a value of 0.91 billion tons. The carbon peak will arrive in the late period of the "15th Five-Year Plan" under the benchmark scenario but in the early and late period of the "14th Five-Year Plan" under the policy and enhanced scenarios, with peak values of approximately 0.64 billion, 0.57 billion, and 0.55 billion tons, respectively. Controlling the construction scale of new coal chemical projects, tapping the space for raw material substitution, and speeding up the energy-saving technological transformation are important measures for coal and carbon control in the coal chemical industry. The implementation of coal and carbon reduction measures of the coal chemical industry will coordinately reduce air pollutant emissions, such as SO2, NOx, PM, and VOCs by 37, 43, 11, and 28 thousand tons per year after 2035.

The Economic Influence of Energy Storage Construction in the Context of New Power Systems

The increase in the proportion of renewable energy in a new power system requires supporting the construction of energy storage to provide support for a safe and stable power supply. In this paper, the computable general equilibrium (CGE) quantitative assessment model is used coupled with a carbon emission module to comprehensively analyze the benefits and costs of energy storage construction from a macro perspective. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, the investment in and construction of energy storage under the new power system of the 14th Five-Year Plan will slow down the economic growth of Zhejiang Province to a slight extent, but this investment and construction can improve the income level of residents and further redistribute the income structure. At the same time, energy storage investment and construction are conducive to building a clean, low-carbon, and efficient power system. The construction of energy storage can smooth out changes in electricity demand, while enhancing the electricity consumption of the residential sector, making the core sector’s electricity consumption more efficient. In addition, the construction of energy storage in the new power system has a positive effect on carbon emission reduction in Zhejiang Province, with the CO2 growth rate being significantly lower than the baseline scenario.

Differential Privacy-based Personalized Recommendation Service for "Helping Farmers" Tourism in Guizhou Province

The revitalization of the countryside is an important strategy proposed in the report of the 19th Party Congress. Rural tourism in Guizhou Province is the key to the development of "big tourism" in the 14th Five-Year Plan of the province, and also the driving force of rural revitalization. Most of the current rural tourism personalized recommendation systems rely on user information, and the exposure of sensitive user information has become an obstacle to the development of smart tourism. Through the genetic matrix decomposition recommendation algorithm based on satisfying differential privacy protection and differential privacy recommendation algorithm for sparse data, privacy protection of similarity calculation, accuracy of recommendation and data security are realized. Actively develop secure and personalized rural tourism recommendations so that the majority of farmers can benefit from them.

The integration of cultural tourism and rural revitalization in big data and the Internet of Things

In the era of widespread development of big data and the Internet of Things, the development of rural cultural tourism industries can better drive rural revitalization and development strategies and promote farmers’ income. In the important opportunity period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, with the support of national policy, the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the extensive development of the cultural tourism industry can drive the model reform of the national and rural industries in the development process. This article conducts in-depth analysis of the current status of rural tourism development and problems encountered in development in the context of big data and the Internet of Things. By taking measures to carry out targeted avoidance risks, effectively drive the widespread development of the rural tourism industry and promote the integration and development of rural revitalization. Build information fusion in the context of the Internet era, promote all aspects of cultural tourism, and expand and improve the quality and level of rural tourism. In order to effectively improve the development of rural revitalization strategies, a new development path is provided, and this article conducts in-depth analysis of the factors that affect the development of rural tourism and cultural resources by building a data analysis model, and clarifies the measures that need to be taken in targeted ways.

Synergy between pollution control and carbon reduction: China's evidence

The proposal of dual carbon goals indicates that China's overall ecological environment protection will focus on carbon reduction in the future. Our concern is whether the existing environmental regulatory policies focusing on pollutants emission have a synergistic effect on carbon reduction. Based on China's 11th Five-Year Plan, this paper examines the synergy between pollution control and carbon reduction by using the data at China's “province-industry-year” level and constructing a difference-in-difference-in-differences analysis framework. The results show that the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan has significantly reduced the CO2 emissions of polluting industries in provinces with stricter environmental regulations, which means that it has played an important role in promoting carbon neutrality. Moreover, the mechanism analysis suggests that the 11th Five-Year Plan can achieve CO2 reduction through energy substitution and technological innovation, but the effect of the energy structure transformation is not significant. The results also indicate that climate benefit was realized at the cost of declining output and employment. The findings of this paper contribute to an in-depth understanding of the synergistic system of reducing pollution and carbon emissions and provide empirical evidence for formulating development strategies and policies to achieve synergies, which has important practical guiding significance.

Simulation analysis of carbon peak path in China from a multi-scenario perspective: evidence from random forest and back propagation neural network models.

China faces tough challenges in the process of low-carbon transformation. To determine whether China can achieve its new 2030 carbon peaking and carbon intensity reduction commitments, accurate prediction of China's CO2 emissions is vital. In this paper, the random forest (RF) model was used to screen 26 carbon emission influencing factors, and seven indicators were selected as key variables for prediction. Subsequently, a three-layer back propagation (BP) neural network was constructed to forecast China's CO2 emissions and intensity from 2020 to 2040 under the 13th Five-Year Plan, 14th Five-Year Plan, energy optimization, technology breakthrough, and dual control scenarios. The results showed that energy structure factors have the most significant impact on China's CO2 emissions, followed by technology level, and economic development factors are no longer the main drivers. Under the 14th Five-Year Plan scenario, China can achieve its carbon peaking on time, reaching 10,434.082 Mt CO2 emissions in 2030. Although the new commitment to intensity reduction (over 65%) under this scenario cannot be achieved, the 14th Five-Year Plan can bring about 73.359 and 539.710 Mt of CO2 reduction in 2030 and 2040 respectively, compared to the 13th Five-Year Plan. Under the technology breakthrough and dual control scenarios, China will meet its new commitments ahead of schedule, with the dual control scenario being the optimal pathway for CO2 emissions to peak at 9860.08 Mt in 2025. It is necessary for Chinese policy makers to adjust their current strategic planning, such as accelerating the transformation of energy structure and increasing investment in R&D to achieve breakthroughs in green technologies.

Profitable development technology of the Changning-Weiyuan National Shale Gas Demonstration Area in the Sichuan Basin and its enlightenment

Since the approval to establishment, the Changning-Weiyuan National Shale Gas Demonstration Area in the Sichuan Basin (hereinafter referred to as Demonstration Area) has been built up into a shale gas industry demonstration base characterized with scale, technology, management and green after more than 10 years of exploration and practice. Its successful experience is of great guiding significance to the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas resources in China. In this paper, the technologies which were developed for the beneficial development of the Demonstration Area during the 13th Five-Year Plan are systematically reviewed and summarized. Then, some countermeasures are proposed to solve the difficulties and challenges to the long-term benefit and stable production of middle-deep shale gas in this area. And the following research results are obtained. First, during the construction of the Demonstration Area, the “three-control” shale gas enrichment and high-production theory is innovatively proposed, and the shale gas enrichment model in the southern Sichuan Basin is clarified. Second, a high-production well cultivation method based on geology-engineering integration is established by developing six main technologies for shale gas exploration and development, which effectively supports the large-scale beneficial development of shale gas in the Demonstration Area. Third, the beneficial development model of middle-deep shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin is preliminarily formed, and the benefit and efficiency of productivity construction are improved comprehensively. Fourth, the three measures of “controlling the decline rate, enhancing the reserve production and expanding the periphery” are used to support the replacement and stable production of middle-deep shale gas. In conclusion, to sustainably ensure the long-term benefit and stable production of shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin, it is still necessary to deepen fine reservoir description and complex mechanism understanding and explore EOR technologies. What's more, the important mean to improve the single-well shale gas production rate in this area is to strengthen the fine fracturing design and implementation under the deep integration of geology and engineering and improve the construction quality of fracturing network continuously. Furthermore, the only way to the low-cost development of the demonstration area is to promote the management reform and innovation continuously and improve the beneficial development model further.

Deep shale gas exploration and development in the southern Sichuan Basin: New progress and challenges

There are abundant marine shale gas resources in the Sichuan Basin. After almost one decade of exploration and development, three national shale gas demonstration areas have been built in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery, and large-scale commercial development of middle and deep (above 3500 m in depth) shale gas has been successfully achieved. The volume of deep shale gas resources (3500–4500 m deep) of the upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin is 6.6 × 1012 m3, with huge exploration and exploitation potential, so it is an important area for large-scale shale gas production increase in China during the 14th Five-year Plan. Deep shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin is influenced by complex geological engineering conditions, such as great burial depth, high temperature and pressure, and large stress and stress difference, and its high-quality development faces many challenges. After systematically summarizing the new progresses and achievements in deep shale gas exploration and development in the southern Sichuan Basin, this paper analyzes the difficulties and challenges in deep shale gas exploration and development and puts forward the next research directions. And the following research results are obtained. First, based on early practical exploration and independent innovation, key shale gas exploration and development technologies with good area selection, good well deployment, good well drilling, good well fracturing and good well management as the core are formed, and the cultivation mode of high production well is established, which supports the large-scale benefit development of deep shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin. Second, systematical analysis indicates that the exploration and development of deep shale gas still faces a series of challenges in such three major fields as basic theory, key technology and management mode. Third, in the face of challenges, it is necessary to deepen basic theory research related to exploration and development, continuously improve key main technologies and constantly innovate mechanisms, systems and management modes. In conclusion, after years of continuous researches and pilot tests, a series of main exploration and development technologies suitable for the working conditions of deep shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin have been basically formed, the first deep shale gas reserves of trillion cubic meters has been submitted, and the first deep shale gas production increase block of ten billion cubic meters has been selected. Thus, great progresses have been made in the exploration and development of deep shale gas, which confirms the confidence and determination in exploring and developing deep shale gas and is of great guiding significance to the rapid development of shale gas industry in China.

Revisiting the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity in China: Based on a Comprehensive Index of Environmental Regulation from a Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity Perspective.

Promoting greener and sustainable development is one of the main goals of the most recent 14th Five-Year Plan (i.e., 2021-2025). Environmental regulation is seen as fundamental to green transformation and an important way for all of China to reach a high-quality and sustainable development mode. However, large spatial disparities exist across the different regions in China, so formulating region-oriented environmental regulatory policies to achieve regional high-quality and sustainable development is now a matter of great practical significance. In the present paper, we analyze this problem and begin by calculating the high development level measured through the Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) of 259 Chinese cities. Thereafter we construct a comprehensive index of environmental regulation through the linear weighted-sum method. Lastly, we investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impact of environmental regulation on GTFP using a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model. We find that: (1) From the spatial dimension perspective, the impact of environmental regulation of Chinese cities on GTFP is either linear (monotonically increasing or decreasing), non-linear (U-shaped or inverted U-shaped), or nonsignificant. Most cities have a U-shaped relationship, indicating that environmental regulation first inhibits GTFP at the early stage, but then promotes it. There are also significant differences among cities in the turning points of environmental regulation; (2) From the time dimension perspective, the number of cities is on the rise having monotonically decreasing impacts of environmental regulation on GTFP. Furthermore, even for the same city, the relationship between the two variables shows different characteristics in different years; (3) The impact of five control variables on GTFP may also vary from one city to another over the sample period, also presenting spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects. Consequently, the formulation and implementation of environmental regulatory policies should not only adapt to local conditions but also choose reasonable and effective measures to achieve high-quality development targets.