50th Anniversary Research Articles

Human rights: problems of conceptualization, positivization and protection. On the 75th anniversary of the universal declaration of human rights (All-russian scientific conference With international participation)

On October 18, 2023 the Institute of State and Law of the RAS hosted the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation “Human rights: problems of conceptualization, positivization and protection. On the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”. It was attended by representatives of leading Russian scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers from Belarus and Uzbekistan. The Conference emphasized the continuing importance of the Universal Declaration for the establishment of international human rights standards. The participants of the scientific event discussed a wide range of problems related to the development of the doctrine of human rights and the practice of their protection in modern conditions characterized by the increasing complexity of international relations, the diversification of social inequalities and the introduction of new technologies.

Editorial: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Forensic Nursing.

Editorial: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Forensic Nursing.

The 150th Anniversary of Academician A.A. Skochinsky: the Phenomenon of his Research School

The 150th Anniversary of Academician A.A. Skochinsky: the Phenomenon of his Research School

From other-representation to self-representation: exploring identity and activism in historical news media writing

This study addresses a significant gap in our understanding of self-representation in historical news media reporting. It focusses on one significant historical publication: the first nationally distributed Indigenous Australian newspaper written and edited by First Nations people – The Australian Abo Call: The Voice of the Aborigines (hereafter The AAC). The AAC was published in six editions in 1938, the year of the 150th anniversary of invasion of the continent now known as Australia. The corpus consists of all (non-fiction) articles from all six editions of this newspaper, which was founded, edited and largely written by Yorta Yorta man J.T. (Jack) Patten. As such, the study offers a synchronic ‘snapshot’ of a particular moment in Australian history. The study uses corpus-assisted discourse analysis to explore the linguistic construction of self-representation – how First Nations people write about themselves and the communities they represent. I proceed from inductively identifying group-based identity labels to categorising these labels in terms of their positionality in relation to ‘self’ and ‘other’. Using concordances, the study also qualitatively examines these identity labels through transitivity analysis. The results suggest that The AAC was a site of political awakening directed at both Indigenous and white Australians, calling on the former to mobilise, on the latter to listen, and on both to act. The analysis also shows that this activism sits very much within the dominant Western/Colonial frame, reflecting the historical settler-colonial context of the period in which this newspaper was published. The study has broader implications for corpus-assisted discourse analysis, by indicating the insights we gain by shifting our gaze away from ‘other’-representation in mainstream newspapers towards ‘self’-representation in community-led publications.

PROFESSOR RAISA SH. ABDRAKHMANOVA’S SUCCESSORS (in honor of the 100th anniversary of her birth)

PROFESSOR RAISA SH. ABDRAKHMANOVA’S SUCCESSORS (in honor of the 100th anniversary of her birth)

Josephson tunneling controlled by spin-orbit interaction

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of point-contact spectroscopy, we review and extend some of our recent studies on the effects of spin-orbit interactions located at an electric point contact connecting two bulk superconductors. In particular, we study the effects on the Josephson tunneling of Cooper pairs between the superconductors. We demonstrate that such tunneling forces the electronic spin to fluctuate quantum mechanically, transforming a BCS condensate into a quantum superposition of singlet and triplet pairs. The relative prevalence of those pairs can be controlled electrostatically and mechanically. The singlet pairs contribute to the Josephson charge current flowing through the point contact but not to the Josephson spin current injected into the superconductors. The spin-polarized pairs contribute to the injected Josephson spin current but not to the superconducting charge flow. These results allow for new functionalities of spin-active Josephson junctions.

Decolonising Solidarity?

While the 50th anniversary of the coup d’état against the government of Salvador Allende in Chile invites to reflect on past and current experiences of solidarity between Latin America and Europe, the present contribution seeks to foreground the rather overlooked international solidarity efforts of and with the indigenous Mapuche. As a result of their forced exile to Europe after 1973, Mapuche activists began to organise themselves as a diasporic community in Europe and to form a transnational advocacy network in support of their people. This contribution aims to showcase how international solidarity of and with the Mapuche in Europe evolved over time, how they relate to non-indigenous, Chilean solidarity networks, and which underlying Mapuche notions of solidarity they reactivate in order to weave their transnational advocacy network.

Forty Years of Cooperation in South Asia: A Legal Appraisal of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (saarc)

Abstract Last August marked the 40th anniversary of the start of interstate cooperation in South Asia which has been characterised by few lights and many shadows over the years. saarc has not been able to smooth out tensions between its Member States, rather it has fallen victim to them, nor has it contributed realistically to the economic and social development of the region. This paper aims to offer an in-depth analysis of saarc in a legal perspective. In particular, its Charter, its secondary law, and its practice will be investigated through the lens of the theoretical framework of international institutional law in order to ascertain if saarc meets the requirements that are commonly believed to characterise international organizations.

Теория аргументации в России: опыт реконструкции традиции

The author considers the study of the history of developing argumentation prob­lems in Russia as an urgent task and contribution to the development of the the­ory of argumentation corresponding the present challenges. The article presents a general view of the theory of argumentation as one of the programs of “axial time” in the history of humankind – realizing, first of all, the ideas of Aris­totelian “Rhetoric”. The author interprets Russian intellectual culture as one of the heirs of ancient Greek and explores the prerequisites and circumstances of the formation of the theory of argumentation as a research area in the USSR. Special attention is paid to the role that logic played in this case. The author in­sists that it was the maintenance of traditional logic positions in Soviet education in the middle of the XX century that led to the interpretation by domestic scien­tists of the theory of argumentation as having logic as a basis. This was a signi­ficant difference between the Soviet (and Russian) approach from the Western European one. The last was formed in conditions when the mathematization of logic led to the displacement of traditional logic from the field of research and education. This factor explains the opposition of argumentation to proof that was stressed by Ch. Perelman and his followers. Perelman proceeded from the inter­pretation of logical proof as a sequence of formulas constructed according to cer­tain rules. Considering the discussion by Russian philosophers and philologists of the question of the relationship between the theory of argumentation and rhetoric, the author of the article evaluates the idea of “argumentorics” put for­ward by V.N. Bryushinkin at the beginning of this century as very promising. The author shows that the rhetorical teaching of M.V. Lomonosov, set out in the treatise “A brief guide to eloquence. The first book, which contains rhetoric…” has every reason to be understood as an “argumentoric” theory. The article was prepared for the 70th anniversary of the Department of Philoso­phy for Humanities at Lomonosov Moscow State University

The 30th Anniversary of the Parliament of Russia

The 30th Anniversary of the Parliament of Russia

Contents of the special issues of the journal "Physics-Uspekhi" dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI)

Contents of the special issues of the journal "Physics-Uspekhi" dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI)

Philosopher constructing an era (To the 90th anniversary of Academician V. S. Stepin)

Philosopher constructing an era (To the 90th anniversary of Academician V. S. Stepin)

On the 90th Anniversary of the Eruption of the Taketomi Side Volcano (Atlasov Island, Kuril Island Arc)

On the 90th Anniversary of the Eruption of the Taketomi Side Volcano (Atlasov Island, Kuril Island Arc)

About one of the main lines of creative search. On the 90th anniversary of the birth of Alfred Schnittke

About one of the main lines of creative search. On the 90th anniversary of the birth of Alfred Schnittke

Editorial: New perspectives on curriculum: Rethinking collaborative enquiry and teachers' professional learning

AbstractIn BERA's 50th anniversary, this special issue of the Curriculum Journal recognises the debt to the work of Lawrence Stenhouse, former BERA President, and founder of the British Curriculum Forum (BCF), and his influence on teachers' work in researching and developing the curriculum. Papers in this issue address what Stenhouse called the central problem of evidence‐informed practice: ‘the gap between our ideas and our aspirations and our attempts to operationalise them’ (Stenhouse, 1975, 2–3). Stenhouse's legacy for curriculum models and thinking, both within the four home countries and internationally, highlights the methodologies and theoretical perspectives that inform teachers as researchers and how we understand and evaluate such frames of reference. Approaches to involving teachers as researchers examined in this collection resonate with BERA's strategic plan to build on its links with practitioners, set in the context of BCF and its work to support teachers' curriculum research.

A man for all times To the 100th anniversary of the birth of academician N.S. Enikolopov

In 2024, the 100th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding physical chemist of the XX century, Academician N.S. Enikolopov, is celebrated. The scientist had a great thirst and love for science, was a talented researcher, organizer and teacher. Its scientific school has nurtured many scientists. It is difficult to overestimate his contribution to the development of chemical science and the polymer industry. Among the most notable achievements of Nikolai Sergeevich are the detection and investigation of abnormally fast polymerization in the solid phase, the discovery of the interchain exchange reaction in the formation of heterochain polymers, etc.

Checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from China

The species checklist is the basic data that reflects the species diversity in a country or region. In order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the taxonomic study of oribatid mites in China and the 60th anniversary of the Special Committee of Acarology of the Entomological Society of China, and to explore the China's biodiversity, and scientifically answer “how many species and what species are there in China”, we compiled a checklist of Chinese oribatid mites, including a total of 1000 species and 35 subspecies in 311 genera and 158 subgenera representing 112 families. In addition, we provided a brief history of taxonomic research on oribatid mites in China in the past 100 years, Chinese name, literature citations and provincial distribution information of each species and subspecies, and a list of species nomina nuda. This work will support China's actions to implement the “Convention on Biological Diversity”, and promote biodiversity research and protection.

Introduction to Solidarity Politics: the (Re)activation of European-Latin American Solidarities

Our proposal for this special issue was inspired by the breadth of commemorations we were witnessing in the lead-up to September 11th, 2023, the 50th anniversary of the military coup that has cast a shadow over Chileans until today. Seeking to avoid repeating the question of where, how, and between whom European-Latin American solidarity takes and has taken place from its inception, we intended this special issue to go beyond the question of chronological memory and historiography to rethink the cyclical and reiterative nature of these solidarities rooted in the Cold War. From the unique vantage point of living with the third generation of Chile’s exile diaspora, we wanted to revisit the current-day vernaculars and practices of European-Latin American relations through concepts of translocal and transgenerational solidarity. Similarly, at a time when older categories of internationalism and anti-imperialism have taken on entirely new meanings for protest movements and social justice activism, adapted definitions of the vocabulary surrounding human rights, solidarity, and democracy play an increasingly central role in activism narratives and need to be more thoroughly scrutinised.

Language and identity in the Windrush generation

AbstractThis paper examines how the Windrush generation uses phonological and morphosyntactic elements of Jamaican Creole (JamC), London Jamaican (LonJam) and standard British English (SBE) to do identity work in interviews broadcast as part of a celebration of the 75th anniversary of the arrival of HMT Empire Windrush. The data comprise oral history interviews with four members of the Windrush generation. The recordings were analysed using the method of lectal focussing in interaction. Results show variation across the four speakers, with some speakers using very few LonJam and SBE features, while others’ speech contains almost exclusively standard British variants. The use of JamC features clustered around topics such as home and family reunification, whereas LonJam features were especially present when interviewees talked about their youth. The study broadens the scope of world Englishes studies by including diasporic and elderly speakers and has important implications for the study of language and identity.

From quantum field theory to the quantum method the inverse problem On the 90th anniversary of the birth of academician L.D. Faddeev

The article is dedicated to the life and work of a theoretical physicist and mathematician, a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and RAS L.D. Faddeev (1934−2017), the formation of his scientific school. Faddeev’s works on scattering theory, quantum field theory, classical and quantum theory of integrable systems were included in the golden fund of world science and largely determined the face of modern mathematical physics. The author of the article is an employee of the Laboratory of Mathematical Problems of Physics created by L.D. Faddeev at the St. Petersburg Department of the V.A. Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences since its foundation.