The results of a study on the use of sawdust of common pine Pinus sylvestris L. with their preliminary activation in a cavitation water-impact dispersant for 25 minutes as a substrate for cultivating the Gl4–16A strain of Ganoderma lucidum are presented. It was found that the Gl4–16A strain of Ganoderma lucidum colonizes the substrate more efficiently with the introduction of (NH4)2SO4 and Na2HPO4 salts into its composition. At the same time, the average growth rate of basidiomycete on the substrate without the introduction of salts was 1.39±0.53 mm/day, and on the substrate with nitrogen salts – 3.22±0.48 mm/day, and complete fouling of the substrate occurred on day 13. It was found that during the cultivation of the Gl4–16A strain of Ganoderma lucidum on a substrate with nitrogen salts, the content of extractive substances in it increases from 4.37 % to 6.32 %, where more than 65 % is accounted for by substances extracted with water. There is a decrease in the content of difficult-to-hydrolyze polysaccharides by 13.3 %, and an increase in the non-hydrolyzable part by 2.4 %, which is 6.8 % per organic mass. The content of easily hydrolyzable polysaccharides (LGA) decreases by 2.4 %, but this change is not significant in terms of organic mass and the share of LGA both before and after bioconversion is about 15.7 %. The obtained data can expand the field of use of sawdust, which is a promising direction, both in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries

Firstly, the structure and properties of cellulose aerogels produced from birch-wood and cottoncellulose and of, and products of their sulfation with a non-toxic sulfamic acid-urea complex in an environmentally safe solvent – a mixture of polyethylene glycol and sodium hydroxide are compared. Aerogels based on birch and cotton celluloses have similar values of apparent density (0,071–0,078 г/см3) and porosity (near 95 %). The products of sulfating of cellulose aerogels, in contrast to the originalbirch and cotton celluloses, are completely soluble in water. Their yield and degree of substitution are higher when using birch cellulose aerogel. By drying the dissolved products of sulfating of cellulose aerogels, smooth and transparent films were produced. The structure and morphology of the obtained aerogels and films were established by metods of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Birch cellulose aerogel (BCA) has a reticular microfibrillated porous structure, and cotton cellulose aerogel (CCA) has a spongy structure in which more cavities and cracks are observed than in the case of CCA. The surface of the film of sulfated BCA is formed by particles with a length 100–200 nm and width of 50–70 nm, and the films of sulfated CCA is formed by spherical particles with a diameter of 70–100 nm. The developed methods for obtaining sulfated cellulose films can be used in medicine to oreate anticoagulant coatings

Polyvinyl Alcohol hydrogel has promising applications in numerous biomedical, biomaterial, and tissue engineering. However, it has poor conductive properties, restraining its development within huge fields such as bio-signals acquisition systems, thermal stability, and drug delivery. Adding Graphene as a nanofiller will produce PVA/Borax/Graphene nanocomposite hydrogel, which is an excellent procedure to significantly improve the conductive properties of PVA. The toxicity will not affect the nanocomposite while very well-dispersed graphene will significantly improve the thermal and conductivity stability of the nanocomposite. In this study, we investigated the performance of a newly prepared conductive hydrogel gel using the freezing/thawing method

The Pb10-xGdx(GeO4)2+x(VO4)4-x (x = 0.5, 1.0) apatites were synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis by roasting stoichiometric mixtures of PbO, Gd2O3, GeO2, and V2O5 in air at temperatures of 773–1073 K. Their crystal structure was determined using X‑ray diffraction analysis. The high-temperature heat capacity (350–1000 K) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental data Cp = f (T) were used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of apatites

The effect of anions (hydrocarbonates, chlorides, sulfates) and organic compounds (xanthates) on the kinetics of thiocyanate oxidation in a photoinduced iron-persulfate system was studied using natural sunlight as a radiation source. It was found that the introduction of anions into the solution inhibits the degradation of thiocyanates. Hydrocarbonates have the maximum effect, so at a HCO–3 concentration of 1 mM, the processing time required for the complete destruction of thiocyanates increased from 6 to 15.7 minutes. At high concentrations of bicarbonates (≥5 mM), the oxidation efficiency of thiocyanates does not exceed 52 %. The adding of butyl xanthate into the solution has no significant effect on the photochemical oxidation of thiocyanates. In real water matrices (tap water and circulating water of the tailing dump of a gold mining plant), oxidative processes are significantly slowed down. In tap water, this effect is mainly due to the influence of hydrocarbonates, and in waste water, it is due to the multicomponent nature of the water matrix. The efficiency of wastewater treatment from thiocyanates was 100 %, for COD – 82 %, for dissolved organic carbon – 65 %. No cyanides were found after the treatment

The paper presents the investigation of the solid solutions formation in the fluoride system Na5Al3F14-Na3AlF6-K3AlF6 with the addition of LiF. Two local regions were under consideration. The first case concerns the possibility of potassium and sodium cations replacing with lithium in the elpasolite (K2NaAlF6) when LiF is added to the electrolyte. In the second, the effect of lithium fluoride on the chiolite (Na5Al3F14) was studied. The investigation was motivated by the need to control the composition of the electrolyte during the electrolytic production of aluminum. The electrolyte samples were obtained from the initial fluorides under laboratory conditions. Determination of crystal-chemical details of the structure of solid solutions was carried out by the method of full-profile analysis (Rietveld method) on multiphase polycrystalline samples. It was found that the addition of LiF in the structure of elpasolite is accompanied by a gradual substitution of lithium for sodium with the formation, ultimately, of the K2LiAlF6 phase with the lattice parameter a = 8.0779 Å. Potassium is not subject to substitution. No dissolution of LiF in the structure of cryolite (Na3AlF6) was found. It was shown that chiolite does not form solid solutions with LiF upon crystallization

Polyangelicalactone-graft-polystyrene copolymers were obtained through cationic polymerization. Increasing the portion of styrene units in the copolymers improves the strength properties and increases fragility. Increasing the polyangelicalactone(PAL) content in the copolymers increases the elasticity of the materials obtained. The obtained copolymers are greatly a composition of PAL and polystyrene (PS)with a small content of bonds of styrene-units of 4-alkoxypent‑3-enoic acid.Low α-angelicalactone(AL) content in styrene copolymers improves the oxidative stability of the copolymers. The resulting PAL‑graft-PScopolymers have physical and mechanical properties corresponding to the requirements for general-purpose PS

The modeling of various modes of formation of microporous silica using high-pressure helium was carried out by the methods of molecular dynamics. It is shown that by controlling the helium pressure in the process of quenching the silica melt, the structure of the obtained glasses can be changed continuously and within wide limits. The density of the obtained glasses varies in the range from 2.2 to 1.5 g / cm3 and the Ostwald solubility coefficients for helium and neon are more than an order of magnitude

The structural and functional composition of humic acids in natural and urbanized areas of the European Far North and the Arctic has been studied using modern physical and chemical research methods. It is shown that the content of fulvic acids for most of the studied soils is higher than humic acids; in soils, the process of humus formation is humate (replantozem, pelozem and humus-peat soil), humate-fulvate (turf soil, culturozem and urbanozem) and fulvate type (gleezem and lithozem); macromolecules of humic acids and himatomelanic acids of the studied soils are predominantly aliphatic in nature, with a high proportion of aromatic fragments, and FA have an aromatic structure. In addition, humus acids of natural soils located in more Northern regions are characterized by a high content of oxygen-containing functional groups compared to humus acids preparations of natural soils located to the South (turf and peat)

The results on the possibility of utilization of post-extractionation residues of green leaves of balsamic poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) by xylotrophic basidiomycetes Fomitopsis pinicola (strain Fp5–15) are presented. It was found that the most favorable for the growth and development of fungi is the residue after the extraction of alcohol-soluble substances. High growth parameters of fungi are observed on this substrate, such as the growth rate, which is 3.9 mm/day and the growth coefficient is 15.6. During the biocoversion of Fp5–15, F. pinicola utilizes up to 30 % of extractive substances and polysaccharides. At the same time, the utilization of easily hydrolyzable polysaccharides is 24 %, difficult-to-hydrolyze‑30 %. Also, in the process of destruction, up to 12 % of lignin substances are disposed of. The decrease in the mass of the substrate after the bioconversion process is 14 %. It is noted that in the process of bioconversion, the substrate is enriched with protein (up to 24 %)