What is the relationship between activism and volunteering?
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The relationship between activism and volunteering is multifaceted, with both sharing the common goal of community engagement but differing in their approaches and outcomes. Activism is often associated with higher levels of neighborhood and personal mastery, increased contact with local officials, and stronger social ties within the community (Vannier et al., 2021). This contrasts with the traditional view of volunteering, which is typically seen as altruistic service without a political component. However, the boundaries between volunteering and social activism are not always clear-cut, as highlighted in the special issue of the Journal of Civil Society, which challenges the notion of these as separate forms of civic engagement (Gilster, 2012).
Interestingly, while volunteering in the context of major sporting events does not show a mediating role between motivation and future volunteering intention, it does highlight the importance of personal and social needs satisfaction for sustained volunteer engagement (Nesbit, 2017). Similarly, volunteering has been shown to foster social capital and enhance individual and community well-being, particularly in response to specific events such as natural disasters (Dyaram & Srinivasan, 2018). Demographic factors also play a role in the types of organizations individuals choose to volunteer for, with advocacy-related volunteering attracting different profiles compared to service delivery organizations (N et al., 2023). Military service, for example, has been linked to increased political engagement and volunteering, particularly among minorities (Estes et al., 2023).
The motivations for LGBTQ volunteers, which include socialization and a desire to understand the community better, suggest that volunteering can also serve as a form of sociopolitical involvement and activism (Gates & Lillie, 2020). Corporate volunteering, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of employee participation and the challenges of sustaining it, which can be seen as a form of activism within the corporate sphere (Henriksen & Svedberg, 2010). Indigenous perspectives on volunteering highlight the importance of broadening the definition of volunteering to include community and cultural engagement, which can be inherently activist in nature (Agustin, 2021). Finally, environmental factors such as the influence of peers and educators are significant in shaping student involvement in volunteer activities, which can be a form of activism when aimed at societal change (Nesbit & Reingold, 2011).
In summary, while activism and volunteering are distinct in their traditional definitions, they are interconnected in practice. Activism can be seen as a form of volunteering with a political or social change orientation, and volunteering can serve as a platform for activism, particularly when it aligns with the volunteer's values and goals. Both contribute to community engagement and can lead to various psychosocial benefits, though they may attract different demographic groups and be influenced by different motivational factors.
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