A comprehensive serological monitoring is currently underway in the Republic of Kazakhstan to detect the circulation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis pathogen. To conduct a full-fledged and resultful study, the principles of sampling size representativeness provision and mathematical calculations were observed. The sampling size of the total number of epizootological units included mainly the raions and settlements in which (or near which) infectious bovine rhinotracheitis cases had been previously recorded. The sampling size of livestock population included in the study was determined in accordance with the recommendations of the World Organization for Animal Health. Thus, the study covered 7 (out of 13) raions of the Karaganda Oblast in 2021 and 2022. The other 6 raions and cities of regional significance will be included in the research in 2023. The paper presents the results of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis retrospective analysis and own studies conducted in 2021–2022. Statistical analysis and graphical visualization of investigation results were performed using Statistica, Excel, and QGIS programs. It was established that the epizootic situation for this disease was unfavourable in the Karaganda Oblast in 2021–2022. The data and results of serological studies presented by the Veterinary Control and Surveillance Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan confirm the circulation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in the following raions of the Karaganda Oblast: Abaisky, Aktogaisky, Bukhar-Zhyrausky, Karkaralinsky, Nurinsky and Osakarovsky.

Background: The study was conducted on 5 farms belong to the General organisation of Cattle (GOC) in Syria for epidemiological & Sero investigation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Methods: Data was collected from individual farm included animal characteristics and farm specifications. Random blood samples were colleced from individual animal from the farms study. ELISA test was used to test all samples to detect positive antibodies LPEC model Program was used to estimate the economic losses of the disease. Results: The sero prevalence of the disease was ranged between 10-20 percent in the study farms. It was carried out an quantitative epidemiological and economic study to evaluation the epidemiology of the disease and econmic losses caused by the disease. It was confirmed that there were strength significant association between the occurrence of the disease and advance ages of animals and increased the size of herd in individual farms. The economic losses resulted of the occurrence of the disease were estimated as indiviudual level for a cow and gemerally on the farm level.The sero prevalence of the disease was ranged between 10-20 percent in the study farms. It was carried out an quantitative epidemiological and economic study to evaluation the epidemiology of the disease and econmic losses caused by the disease. It was confirmed that there were strength significant association between the occurrence of the disease and advance ages of animals and increased the size of herd in individual farms. The economic losses resulted of the occurrence of the disease were estimated as indiviudual level for a cow and gemerally on the farm level. Conclusion: The study was conculded that there was an increase in the seroprevalence in dvance ages in all regions study, this was because there was no vaccination program in all regions study. Biosecurity procedures should be taken in consideration in order to decrease the disease occurrence. The economic losses resulted from the disease reached to 4000 US$ at the farm level and about 100,000 US$ at the GOC level. Control startegies should be carried out in order to prevent the high prevelance level of the diseae Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) can be transmitted by livestock seeds and semen, through the process of artificial insemination. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the presence of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) in semen through artificial insemination and breeding centers of Indonesia. The current study aimed to detect the presence of the virus in semen as a source of IBR disease transmission in Indonesia. A total of 27 semen samples from artificial insemination and breeding centers (Sembawa, Lembang, Ungaran, and Sleman) in Indonesia have been examined and identified using the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique. The result showed that all samples were negative to BHV1. This indicated that semen from Ungaran, Sembawa, Sleman, and Lembang was safe to be used as a semen source for artificial insemination.

The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a specific infection, caused by herpes viruses. This disease causes a negative economic impact in cattle production system resultant of the growth retardation of young animals, less dairy production, embryonic and fetal death, and abortion more frequent in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. There is spread of type 1 bovine herpes virus (HVB-1) for all regions of Brazil, reaching high infection rates in herds. This review aimed to point the main aspects of this disease, in order to alert professionals about the importance of performing an effective control and implement prevention programs, preventing the spread of the disease in cattle herds.

AbstractAim:MaterialsandMethods:Results:Conclusion:Keywords The present study was undertaken to serologically d etect Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in the cattlepopulation of Odisha, India using (micro SNT) and(ABELISA)andfindingouttheircomparativeefficacytoserveasasuitablediagnostictoolinfieldcondition.Thestudywascarriedoutusingserumsamples(n=180)collectedrandomlyfromcattlepopulationsof nine districts of Odisha. Similarly vaginal swabs (n=26) from cattle having history of repeat breeding, abortion, vulvo-vaginitis and nasal swabs (n=8) from calves with respiratory symptoms and nasal discharge were collected aseptically, toascertainthecirculationofvirusamongthecattlepopulation.Virus isolation by cell culture and subsequent confirmation by polymerase chain reaction confirmed four isolates.Screening of serum samples revealed 9.44% and 12.22% samples positive for IBR antibodies in micro SNT andAB ELISArespectively.ThesensitivityandspecificityofABELISA testwasfoundtobe88.23%and95.70%respectivelytakingmicroSNTasgoldstandardandthekappavaluebetweenthetwotestswas0.75.Screeningofserumsamplesrevealed9.44%and12.22%samplespositiveforIBRantibodiesinmicroSNTandAB ELISA respectively, thus highlighting the circulation of virus among the livestock population of Odisha and that ABELISA could be more efficiently applied for the sero-diagnosis of IBR virus infections at field conditions, with demand formorestudyonfaster,efficientandlargescalescreeningoftheinfectedanimals.: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, serumneutralizationtest,Odisha.avidin-biotin ELISA, bovine herpes virus -1, cattle, isolation,micro-Serum neutralization test Avidin-Biotin Enzyme linked immunosorbentassay

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of cattle responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. IBR is under certain communitarian regulations. Every member state can approve its own national IBR control program for the entire territory - or part of it - and can demand additional guarantees for bovids destined to its territory; therefore, every member state can be officially declared as entirely or partly IBR-free. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of IBR control and eradication programs in European countries. BoHV-1 control schemes were first introduced in the late 1970s, mainly in Northern and Central Europe. Depending on the seroprevalence rate, control strategies rely on identification and removal of seropositive animals or the use of glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines in infected herds. The implementation of a novel law for disease eradication at the EU level and of a European IBR data flow could make the goal of IBR eradication in all European countries easier to achieve.

In many parts of the world, domestic as well as wild cattle are affected by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. The causative organism is Varicellovirus in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae. This review is mainly concerned with the etiology, epidemiology, economic importance, clinical presentation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control apart from its status in Ethiopia.

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), is considered to be the most common viral pathogen found in bovine semen and can cause various syndromes like infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), encephalomyelitis, mastitis and affects respiratory, ocular, reproductive, alimentary, integumentary and central nervous systems besides causing neonatal infections. The BHV-1 infection has already been reported by seroprevalence studies in India amongst exotic and crossbred cattle at some organized farms. The current work was designed to study the prevalence of IBR using serological and molecular techniques, respectively in serum and semen samples, collected from different parts of India. IBR antibodies were diagnosed from 1010 serum sample by serum neutralization test and noticed 32.25% seroprevalence with maximum prevalence in Uttar Pradesh and minimum in Himachal Pradesh. Four percentage of semen samples were found positive for BHV-1 virus.

Background and Aim:Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; conjunctivitis) is a widespread eye disease in cattle. In 1960, the Gram-negative bacillus Moraxella bovis was discovered as one of IBK’s etiological causal agents. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiological (epizootic) situation of cattle moraxellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study also maps the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the epidemiological (epizootic) process to develop more effective antiepizootic measures.Materials and Methods:We clinically examined both imported and local cattle species based on existing epidemiological (epizootological) units of economic entities in Kazakhstan. Then, we selected biomaterials for laboratory tests to screen for moraxellosis.Results:We clarified the epizootic situation for moraxellosis of cattle in Kazakhstan using data from the Meat Union of Kazakhstan, veterinary reports from the Veterinary Control and Surveillance Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kazakhstan, and our results, obtained during visits to farms in the various regions of the republic.Conclusion:Based on the data of the conducted studies, we developed epizootic visualization maps with quantitative indicators of the cattle moraxellosis epizootic-transfer processes within various regions of Kazakhstan for 2019. The data obtained from studies of the properties of the isolated cultures compared with the characteristics of reference strains gave grounds to classify them as belonging to the Moraxella genus.

Currently, despite all the measures taken by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Rosselkhoznadzor to regionalize the territory of the Russian Federation for infectious animal diseases, the status of subjects for many of them has not yet been determined. As of March 09, 2021, the status of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis has not been determined for 69 subjects of the country, including for the Moscow and Tver regions. At the same time, the official veterinary literature indicates the widespread distribution of cattle IRT in our country. In fact, the current epizootic situation for this disease both on the territory of the whole country and in individual subjects remains unknown. In this paper, we tried to clarify the epizootic situation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in the Moscow and Tver regions of the Russian Federation using active monitoring methods. As a result of sample studies in farms located on the territory of these regions, it was found that the results of serological studies do not always correlate with the status of vaccination of animals. In some farms, animals are vaccinated against cattle IRT, however, the results of serological studies in these farms indicate that the young animals in these farms are not immune to IRT. This fact clearly indicates the weak effectiveness of anti-epizootic measures aimed at specific prevention of infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle in individual livestock farms and the lack of a unified approach to the organization of this issue as a whole. Nevertheless, we found that the livestock farms in which the circulation of the cattle IRT virus is registered are not evenly located on the territory of the surveyed regions. Such farms are located in the north, north-west, south-west and east of the Moscow Region. In the Tver region - in the south-west, north-west, north-east and east of the region.