Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of cattle responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. IBR is under certain communitarian regulations. Every member state can approve its own national IBR control program for the entire territory - or part of it - and can demand additional guarantees for bovids destined to its territory; therefore, every member state can be officially declared as entirely or partly IBR-free. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of IBR control and eradication programs in European countries. BoHV-1 control schemes were first introduced in the late 1970s, mainly in Northern and Central Europe. Depending on the seroprevalence rate, control strategies rely on identification and removal of seropositive animals or the use of glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines in infected herds. The implementation of a novel law for disease eradication at the EU level and of a European IBR data flow could make the goal of IBR eradication in all European countries easier to achieve.
Highlights
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) control and eradication programs in European countries
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of cattle that is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide
An opportunity to realize a harmonized approach for the management of IBR in Europe could be the new legislative tool, called the Animal Health Law (European Commission, 2016a) and, in general, the legal framework has been in force since 21 April 2021
Summary
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of cattle that is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. All animals introduced to the AI center must be isolated in their herd of origin, tested and confirmed to be negative for BoHV-1 antibodies 30 days before movement; bulls used for semen collection are tested serologically once a year In this country, some studies were carried out to detect the efficacy of vaccination programs in lowering seroprevalence within dairy herds and to follow the dynamics of infection in non-vaccinated herds (Raaperi et al, 2012). In the IBR surveillance data in the UK from 2010 to 2015, the disease has been diagnosed throughout the whole country, but mainly in Scotland, Western regions, and Wales (Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis Analysis, VIDA, 2015) Within this period, a decrease in the number of submitted IBR cases has been reported, confirming better infection control, these results may have been biased by the use of different diagnostic methods (Ackermann et al, 1990). In 2017, UK authorities submitted supporting documentation to the Commission that let Jersey territory to be recognized as free of BoHV-1 infection and applied for additional IBR guarantees (European Commission, 2017a)
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