Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify rootstocks with competitive agronomic potential to substitute those currently used in Southern Brazil for the Galaxy and Fuji Suprema apple scion cultivars cultivated on replanting soils. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Lebon Regis, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the 2009/2010 to the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The yield performance of the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Suprema' scions grafted on the G.056, G.202, G.213, G.814, G.896, G.969, M.9, and Marubakaido/M.9 rootstocks was evaluated. G.896 and G.814 stood out due to their superior annual and cumulative fruit yields, as well as to their greater yield regularity, although they showed lower ability of dwarfing the scion. The greatest average fruit weight of 'Galaxy' was obtained on G.056 and G.213. For 'Fuji Suprema', G.969 promoted smaller fruits, whereas the other rootstocks did not differ. All the evaluated rootstocks produced less suckers than Marubakaido/M.9 and less burrknots than M.9 and Marubakaido/M.9. In general, on replanting soil conditions, G.202 is promising among dwarfing rootstocks, mainly for 'Fuji Suprema'. G.056, G.814, and G.896 also stand out, and the two first are more specific for 'Fuji Suprema'.
Highlights
The longevity of an apple (Malus spp.) orchard seldom exceeds 25 years due to the frequent replacement of scion cultivars and to the new technologies regarding planting density, which require that the most vigorous rootstocks be replaced by the most dwarfing ones (Petri et al, 2011)
The objective of this work was to identify rootstocks with competitive agronomic potential to substitute those currently used in Southern Brazil for the Galaxy and Fuji Suprema apple scion cultivars cultivated on replanting soils
Both scion cultivars and rootstocks affected the performance of cumulative yield, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), and yield efficiency, when evaluated individually, and of average fruit weight, when combined
Summary
The longevity of an apple (Malus spp.) orchard seldom exceeds 25 years due to the frequent replacement of scion cultivars and to the new technologies regarding planting density, which require that the most vigorous rootstocks be replaced by the most dwarfing ones (Petri et al, 2011). As a rule, apple tree development and, yield performance may be seriously compromised when new orchards are planted on soils previously cultivated with temperate-zone fruit trees (Leinfelder & Merwin, 2006). In Southern Brazil, the most common pests affecting apple trees are collar root rot (Phytophthora cactorum) and woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum); several apple rootstocks of the Geneva series have simultaneous resistance to both of these pathogenic organisms (Denardi et al, 2015b)
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