Yield of new spring barley varieties depending on seeding rate and mineral nutrition

Abstract

Purpose. Establish optimum rates of seed sowing and the level of mineral nutrition in the technology of growing new varieties of spring barley in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. In 2016, 2017, the new spring barley varieties of Myronivka breeding MIP Saliut, MIP Azart, and MIP Bohun were studied with seeding rates of 3 and 4 million seeds per hectare on various backgrounds of fertilizing: no fertilizer application (control) and with ANP fertilizer application during presowing cultivation of N30P30K30, N60P60K60, and N90P90K90. Soybean was the predecessor. Agricultural practices were conventional for the zone. Weather conditions of both years of research during the cropping season of spring barley were characterized with increased temperatures. Results. The variety MIP Saliut was characterized with the maximum number of productive stems per 1 m2 (751 ± 19), whereas the MIP Bohun was characterized with the minimum number (650 ± 17). The varieties MIP Azart and MIP Bohun were the most variable in this feature by the years. The maximum mean yield of all varieties was obtained in 2016 at the background of mineral nutrition N60P60K60 and seeding rate of 3 million/ha (7.05 t/ha), in 2017 at the background of mineral nutrition N90P90K90 and seeding rate of 4 million/ha (3.44). The variety MIP Bohun was the most responsive to the minimum dose of nutrition (N30P30K30), the variety MIP Saliut was the least responsive. The spring barley variety MIP Azart has provided the maximum in two years yield on the backgrounds N90P90K90 (5.39 t/ha) and N60P60K60 (5.25 t/ha) with the seeding rate 4 million seeds per hectare. Under conditions of sufficient moisture availability (in 2016) on these backgrounds the maximum yield of the variety was 7.33 and 7.42 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. It was established that on average, the background of mineral nutrition N60P60K60 is optimum in the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine for spring barley varieties studied. On this nutrition background, a significant difference between seed rates of 3 and 4 million/ha has not been noted. Therefore, to accelerate seed production of promising varieties,it is possible to use reduced seeding rate to 3 million/ha when applying N60P60K60. The variety MIP Azart was characterized with the maximum crop yield over two years on the backgrounds N60P60K60–N90P90K90 and seeding rate of 4 million/ha.