Yield of crops and productivity of grain-beet crop rotation in the central black-earth region of Russia when applying fertilizers for a long time

Abstract

Aim of the investigations is to determine influence of fertilizers application during a long period (from 1936 to 2017) on yield of crops and productivity of grain-arable crop rotation under conditions of the Central Black-Earth region forest-steppe. Object of the investigations is yield of a main crop product in grain-beet crop rotation (sugar beet, winter wheat, barley, oats, clover). Application of fertilizers in the long-term experiment (from 1936 to 2017) revealed that prolongation of fertilizers using period considerably increased their total efficiency. With direct effect of fertilizers, average for 9 rotations yield of sugar beet roots increased by 21.6-31.9%. After-effect of fertilizers was the greatest for barley which average yield increased by 18.4-36.4% in comparison with the control over the period under investigation. The least response showed oats and clover (10.1-18.4 and 12.7-18.2%, accordingly). For direct effect and after-effect of fertilizers, the best dose of fertilizers was N135P135K135 + 25 t/hectare of manure. In crop rotation, barley and clover demonstrated the most rapid after-effect (18 years), winter wheat showed the slowest one (27 years). Direct effect of fertilizers for sugar beet was the greatest after 45 years. Between I and IX rotation, increase in yield (by 7.80-50.4 %) and crop rotation productivity (by 10.9-25.4 %) for most of the crops was noted; the system N135P135K135 + 25 t/hectare of manure had the greatest positive influence.