Optimization of technological operations in the cultivation of field crops in arid conditions of the Volga Region

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to identify the possibility and prospects of using resource-saving technologies in six-field grain-and-crop rotation on ordinary chernozem in 2019-2022. Four technologies of growing field crops were tested: traditional, two with differentiated processing and direct sowing. During the research period, the prospects of resource- saving technologies with a complex of means of intensification were revealed. Compared with the traditional one, the yield increase here was 0.30…0.57 t/ha (11.0…21.0 %). The maximum productivity of crop rotation is established in technology with differentiated tillage and with the use of intensification means - 2.40 thousand grain units/ha, which is 0.20 thousand grain units/ha (9.1 %) more than the technology with direct sowing and 0.38…0.61 thousand grain units/ha traditional and resource-saving (extensive background). According to the research results, technological operations are proposed for growing field crops using the AUP-18.05 unit for direct sowing of cereals, sunflower - Kuhn seeder: differentiated tillage in crop rotation (including loosening by 25-27 cm of bee-4.5 for sunflower and soy; for pure steam - without autumn processing; for barley and spring wheat - direct sowing) or direct sowing for the purpose of maximum cost recovery; application of ammonium nitrate in a dose of N40 (before sowing spring wheat and barley, spring fertilizing of winter wheat); the main application of azofoski (N15P15K15) in the cultivation of sunflower and soybeans; treatment of grain crops with the agrochemicals Bionex Kemi, biofungicide Phytosporin, fungicide Soligor, sunflower - agrochemicals Borogum.