Abstract
Globally, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) remains a major constraint of mungbean production, and management of this deadly disease is still the biggest challenge. Thus, finding ways to manage YMD including development of varieties possessing resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a research priority for mungbean crop. Characterization of YMD resistance using various advanced molecular and biochemical approaches during plant–virus interactions has unfolded a comprehensive network of pathogen survival, disease severity, and the response of plants to pathogen attack, including mechanisms of YMD resistance in mungbean. The biggest challenge in YMD management is the effective utilization of an array of information gained so far, in an integrated manner for the development of genotypes having durable resistance against yellow mosaic virus (YMV) infection. In this backdrop, this review summarizes the role of various begomoviruses, its genomic components, and vector whiteflies, including cryptic species in the YMD expression. Also, information about the genetics of YMD in both mungbean and blackgram crops is comprehensively presented, as both the species are crossable, and same viral strains are also found affecting these crops. Also, implications of various management strategies including the use of resistance sources, the primary source of inoculums and vector management, wide-hybridization, mutation breeding, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the prospects of employing various powerful emerging tools like translational genomics, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 are also highlighted to complete the YMD management perspective in mungbean.
Highlights
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is indigenous to India or Indo-Burma region and is the third most important selfpollinated, short-duration grain legume crop after chickpea and pigeonpea
In pulses, depending on the viral nucleotide sequence identity, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is caused by four distinct begomoviruses namely, (i) mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), (ii) mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), (iii) dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DoYMV) and (iv) horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV); which are collectively known as yellow mosaic viruses (YMVs) (Qazi et al, 2007; Malathi and John, 2009; Naimuddin et al, 2016)
Both mungbean crop diversity and MYMV affected area have gradually increased since the mid-nineties, which can be attributed to intensive mungbean farming
Summary
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is indigenous to India or Indo-Burma region and is the third most important selfpollinated, short-duration grain legume crop after chickpea and pigeonpea. MYMV is the major isolate infecting mungbean crop in western and southern India, Thailand, and Indonesia; whereas, MYMIV isolate in central, eastern and northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Vietnam (Malathi and John, 2009) With this background, this review systematically deals with the scientific developments about YMVs infecting mungbean, its vector and various YMD management challenges including the prospective use of recent tools like—omics approaches and translational genomics, across the world. In pulses, depending on the viral nucleotide sequence identity, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is caused by four distinct begomoviruses namely, (i) MYMV, (ii) MYMIV, (iii) dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DoYMV) and (iv) horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV); which are collectively known as yellow mosaic viruses (YMVs) (Qazi et al, 2007; Malathi and John, 2009; Naimuddin et al, 2016). SML1815, IPM19, Pusa Vishal, Pusa9072, Malviya Jyoti, HUM12, CO6, MH934, MH421, COGG11-02, VGG10-008
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