Abstract
The core level X-ray photoelectron spectra and the valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra of the high-temperature superconductor (HTSC) YBa 2CU 3O 7-x are studied in dependence on the temperature of the sample and the oxygen content. Three charge states of copper atoms are shown to exist in the system: Cu 1+, Cu 2+, and Cu 3+, but only the Cu 2+-state plays the main role in the transition of system to the superconductive state.
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