Wrażliwość bakterii beztlenowych na olejek anyżowy (Oleum anisi)

Abstract

Introduction. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) belong to Apiaceae family. The plant is distributed in China, Iran, Indie and America. The fruits green' lanceoled leaves, white flowers and green-yellow seeds. The fruits are used to produce an essential oils. The anise oil is widely used in folk medicine, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The fruits consists of 6-30% volatile oil. Its the major components are trans-anethole, estragol, eugenol, linalool, α-terpineol, cis-anethole, anisaldehyde, coumarins, methylchavikol, scopoletin, umbelliferone, estrols and polyacetylenes. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of anise oil against anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Material and methods. A total 54 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 8 standards strains from genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Fusobacterium, Tannerella, Finegoldia, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium and 8 standards strains Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica ATCC 29743, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328, Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503, Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and Actinomyces odontolyticus ATCC 17929 were investigated. The susceptibility (MIC) was determined by the two-fold of plate dilution method in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The inoculum containing 106 CFU/spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar containing testing oil and free oil (the strains growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars with 10% CO2 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 . The MIC was considered to be the last dilution that did not bacterial colonial growth. Results. The results showed, that the most susceptible to oils from Gram-negative anaerobes were the strains of Tannerella forsythia (MIC 0.5-< 0.12 mg/ml), Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 25 mg/ml). The strains from genus of Prevotella bivia and Parabacteroides distasonis were the lowest sensitive. The growth of the strains was inhibited by concentration > 2.0 mg/ml. The anise oil was more active against Gram-positive rods and cocci then Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Conclusions. The anise oil was very active against all bacterial strains tested. The most susceptible to oil was the strains from genus Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacteria necrophorum, Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis. The Gram-positive-rods and cocci was more susceptible to anise oil then anaerobic Gram-negative rods.