Wpływ olejku świerkowego (Oleum Picea excelsa) na bakterie beztlenowe

Abstract

Introduction. Spruce (Picea abies L.) is a member of family Pinaceae. It was known and used in ancient. The tree grown to 50 m height. Produced by conifers etheric oil possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The major compounds of the spruce oil are: pinene, cadinene and felandrene. It is obtained hydro distillation method. Aim. The aim of the date was to investigate activity of spruce oil against anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The 53 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, in it 32 strains of Gram-negative rods, 12 Gram-positive rods and 9 Gram-positive cocci were tested. Moreover investigated 8 reference strains. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by two-fold dilution technique in Brucella agar with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The spruce oil was dissolved in DMSO and distillated water to obtained a final concentrations 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The inoculums containing 106 CFU/ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil or without tested essential oil (strains growth control). Incubation the agar plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 , palladic catalyst and anaerobic indicator, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was established as the lowest concentration of the spruce oil that inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobes. Results. The results of these investigations indicated that the most susceptible to spruce oil from Gram-negative bacteria were the strains Prevotella intermedia (MIC 5.0-10.0 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The growth of strains from genus Bacteroides fragilis was inhibited by concentration > 20.0 mg/ml, and Tannerella forsythia in ranges from 15.0 to > 20.0 mg/ml. The Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible. The growth of 50% of this rods was inhibited in concentration 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. From Gram-positive rods from genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus were the most susceptible. The 75% of the rods were inhibited by spruce oil in concentrations 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The least sensitive was the strain Actinomyces viscosus (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml). The tested oil was more active on account Gram-positive cocci. The growth was inhibited by concentrations in ranges 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The data indicated that the spruce oil was more active towards Gram-positive rods than Gram-negative anaerobes. Conclusions. From the Gram-negative bacteria the Prevotella rods were the more susceptible to spruce oil. The oil was the less active towards Gram-negative rods from genus Tannerella forsythia. From Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria the Gram-positive cocci were the more susceptible to spruce oil then Gram-positive rods.