Wpływ herbicydów na biomasę chwastów, plon ziarna i wybrane elementy plonowania prosa zwyczajnego (Panicum miliaceum L.)

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This paper shows results of studies conducted at the same time in Belarus and in Poland (over the period of 2014–2016) on the tolerance of millet towards some foliar herbicides (2,4-D + fluroxypyr; tribenuron-methyl + fluroxypyr; dicamba + triasulfuron) applied at rates reduced by 1/3 relative to the recommended rates for oats crops. Plots without herbicide application (mechanical weed control) were the control treatment.  The experiment was set up with the same design (one-factional) under the soil and climatic conditions of central-eastern Belarus (Priluki near Minsk) and the central Lublin region (Czesławice, Poland), respectively. The Belarussian soil was characterized by medium nutrient availability (soil class III), whereas the soil in Poland had higher nutrient availability (soil class II). In both places, the same agricultural practices were used (tillage system, previous crop, seeding rate, and row spacing), while mineral NPK fertilization was adjusted to the initial soil nutrient availability in both study areas. It was proved that the foliar herbicides applied in the experiment (at the tillering stage of millet) had high weed control efficacy and that the low level of weed infestation contributed to the high productivity of millet compared to the mechanical weed control treatment (without herbicides). The action of the herbicides 2,4-D + fluroxypyr and tribenuron-methyl + fluroxypyr was evaluated particularly positively, since they did not induce a phytotoxic response in millet plants, but eliminated weeds biomass from the crop almost completely. In turn, the herbicide dicamba + triasulfuron exhibited a slightly lower weed-killing ability and, moreover, caused damage to millet plants in a small percentage. Some differences (though statistically insignificant) in weeds biomass and millet yield which were found between the experiments in Belarus and Poland should be attributed to the difference in the soils and more favorable weather conditions for the growth of millet in Belarus.