Within-host mathematical model of malaria parasite with cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune systems

Abstract

ABSTRACT Malaria is a serious health problem in the world. Nearly half of the world’s population is at risk of disease. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to understand and analyze the dynamics of the malaria parasite within host cells with cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune systems. The model categorizes the population into six compartments. The study provides a concise representation of the interaction between the parasite and red blood cells, as well as the responses of the immune system, including both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated responses. The research examines the biological visibility and well-posedness of the model, ensuring that the solutions remain bounded and positive. The basic reproduction number, which indicates the potential spread of the parasite is determined. The stability analysis of the parasite-free equilibrium point was also conducted, revealing that the parasite-free state is locally and globally stable if the basic reproduction number, R 0 < 1 . Furthermore, bifurcation and sensitivity analysis are performed. Finally, to complement the theoretical findings and illustrate the impact of immunological effectiveness, numerical simulations are conducted under different scenarios. The result shows that the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune response helps to eliminate the parasite within the human host.