WITHDRAWN: Nanotechnology for sustainable water treatment – A review

Abstract

• Application of nanotechnology in water treatment. • Ground water treatment using latest nanotechnological developments. • Feasibility of nanotechnology for waste water treatment. • Latest developments in desalination technologies using nanomaterials. Nanotechnology is one of the key technologies of the 21st century with numerous innovations in the field of environmental applications. The scarcity of pure water is a major challenge faced by the world in the recent times, due to the effects of pollution combined with global climatic change. The need of sustainable technologies to conserve water resources lead to the development of lot of technologies in the field of water treatment. Nanotechnology is promising in the field of water treatment due to the fact that nanomaterials show environmentally interesting chemical and physical properties like increased durability of materials against mechanical stress or weathering, high specific surface area and chemical reactivity of nanoparticles and large absorption as well as adsorption capacity. In the present paper a detailed review is carried out to assess the possibilities of nanotechnology in the field of sustainable water treatment. The application of nanotechnology in three aspects of water treatment namely ground water treatment, waste water treatment and saline water treatment has been studied in terms of their sustainability. It was observed that nanotechnology has great potential in the field of sustainable water treatment and the adverse effects of the toxic nanoparticle release into the atmosphere can be minimised by adopting latest technological developments.