Abstract
Rapid technological advances in the domain of Wireless Power Transfer pave the way for novel methods for power management in systems of wireless devices, and recent research works have already started considering algorithmic solutions for tackling emerging problems. In this paper, we investigate the problem of efficient and balanced Wireless Power Transfer in Wireless Sensor Networks. We employ wireless chargers that replenish the energy of network nodes. We propose two protocols that configure the activity of the chargers. One protocol performs wireless charging focused on the charging efficiency, while the other aims at proper balance of the chargers’ residual energy. We conduct detailed experiments using real devices and we validate the experimental results via larger scale simulations. We observe that, in both the experimental evaluation and the evaluation through detailed simulations, both protocols achieve their main goals. The Charging Oriented protocol achieves good charging efficiency throughout the experiment, while the Energy Balancing protocol achieves a uniform distribution of energy within the chargers.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are limited by the lack of continuous energy supply
We focus on radio frequency (RF) based wireless charging
We observe that the Charging Oriented protocol achieves better performance on this metric than the Energy Balancing protocol, by fueling the network with energy over time in a higher rate, as the experiment progresses
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are limited by the lack of continuous energy supply. Typical commercial batteries are used to power the network nodes, and, usually, they are not being recharged or replaced. In such scenaria, the network is considered disposable. Energy efficient design techniques have been studied for WSNs at all levels from hardware design to protocols for medium access control, routing, data gathering, topology control, etc. Energy harvesting directly from the deployment environment can be used to recharge the wireless nodes. These harvesting techniques power network nodes via solar power, kinetic energy, floor vibration, acoustic noise, etc. Wireless Power Transfer can be a key solution for overcoming these barriers
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