Abstract
Abstract In response to the needs of the ocean traders and military shipping during the nineteenth century, Matthew Maury (1806–73) and Wiadimir Koppen (1846–1940) worked in tandem to create wind charts for the World Ocean. In the early part of the century, Maury organized and supervised the production of the Wind and Current Charts for all navigable seas. In the latter part of the century, Koppen simplified these charts by use of a synoptically innovative stratification of the data, and these analyses became centerpieces of the Segelhandbucher (Sail Handbooks) produced by the German Marine Observatory (Seewarte). The charts produced by each of these men are examined in an effort to clarify their separate but unique contributions. Maury and Koppen were complementary in their approach to marine meteorology: Maury possessed organizational skills and an empirical approach to science, while Koppen was more academic and interested in the basic sciences. Koppen's exceptional background in both physics and biolo...
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