Why do some local governments respond actively to the initiatives of national Non-Governmental Organizations?

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ABSTRACT The active response of local governments is crucial for the implementation of national policies. Studies of local government response mainly concentrate on policies issued by the central government, with little attention paid to initiatives from national Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). We constructed an integrated analytical framework that incorporates institutional pressure and local characteristics. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was then conducted using data from 31 Chinese provinces. The results show that a positive response from local governments can be achieved along three paths, and that the conditions for local governments to respond actively depend on the type of institutional pressure.