Whole Genomic Analysis of Human G12P[6] and G12P[8] Rotavirus Strains that Have Emerged in Myanmar.

Tomihiko Ide,Satoshi Komoto,Keiji Oguma,Hlaing Myat Thu,Mo Mo Win,Takao Tsuji,Khaing Win Htun,Yi Yi Myint,Yoshiki Fujii,Koki Taniguchi,Kouji Umeda,Kyaw Zin Thant,Sa Van Nguyen,Kei Haga,Than Htut,Theingi Win Myat,Kyoko Higo-Moriguchi,Kazuhiko Katayama,Mitsutaka Wakuda,Htun Nyunt Oo ,Sukri Rahman ,Francis E Dennis

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124965

Abstract

G12 rotaviruses are emerging rotavirus strains causing severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. However, the whole genomes of only a few G12 strains have been fully sequenced and analyzed. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genomes of six G12 strains (RVA/Human-tc/MMR/A14/2011/G12P[8], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/A23/2011/G12P[6], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/A25/2011/G12P[8], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/P02/2011/G12P[8], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/P39/2011/G12P[8], and RVA/Human-tc/MMR/P43/2011/G12P[8]) detected in six stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis in Myanmar. On whole genomic analysis, all six Myanmarese G12 strains were found to have a Wa-like genetic backbone: G12-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 for strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43, and G12-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 for strain A23. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most genes of the six strains examined in this study were genetically related to globally circulating human G1, G3, G9, and G12 strains. Of note is that the NSP4 gene of strain A23 exhibited the closest relationship with the cognate genes of human-like bovine strains as well as human strains, suggesting the occurrence of reassortment between human and bovine strains. Furthermore, strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43 were very closely related to one another in all the 11 gene segments, indicating derivation of the five strains from a common origin. On the other hand, strain A23 consistently formed distinct clusters as to all the 11 gene segments, indicating a distinct origin of strain A23 from that of strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43. To our knowledge, this is the first report on whole genome-based characterization of G12 strains that have emerged in Myanmar. Our observations will provide important insights into the evolutionary dynamics of spreading G12 rotaviruses in Asia.

Highlights

Group A rotavirus (RVA), a member of the family Reoviridae, is the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in the young of humans and many animal species worldwide
In Myanmar, a high disease burden of RVA infection in children (
The full-genomic sequences were determined for strains A14, A23, A25, P02, P39, and P43, which were identified as the pathogens causing diarrhea in six stool specimens from children with acute diarrhea during the RVA strain surveillance in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Wards of the Defense Services Obstetrics, Gyneacology and Children’s Hospital, Central Myanmar in 2011, which involved a total of 54 RVA-positive fecal samples (Ide et al, in preparation)

Summary

Introduction

Group A rotavirus (RVA), a member of the family Reoviridae, is the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in the young of humans and many animal species worldwide. As suggested by the genomic dsRNA profiles observed on PAGE analysis (Fig 1), strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43 exhibited extremely high nucleotide sequence identities (99.1–100%) to one another for all the 11 gene segments. We constructed phylogenetic trees using the full-genome sequence for each of the 11 gene segments because phylogenetic analysis of RVA nucleotide sequences provides direct evidence of their relatedness to those of other strains, even within the same genotype [48].

Results

Conclusion