Abstract
The objective of this study is the characterization of a novel experimental flowable giomer (G) regarding water sorption, water solubility, and the microstructural characteristics, in comparison to three commercial giomers: Beautifil flow Plus X F00 (B-F00), Beautifil flow F02 (B-F02) and Beautifil flow Plus X F03 (B-F03), Shofu, Kyoto, Japan. Methods: Water sorption/solubility was performed by weighing the specimens before and after water immersion for 1, 2, 3, 14, 21 and 30 days. Data analysis was carried out with the software Origin2019b Graphing & Analysis using the ANOVA test and the Tukey test for post hoc comparison of the groups of materials. The microstructural analyses were done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed significant differences between the tested materials (p < 0.05). For sorption, the Tukey test indicated differences between all four sample groups, except between B-F02 and B-F03, which exhibited no differences in any of the investigation days. The Tukey test also showed significant differences regarding solubility between all sample groups in the 30-day interval. SEM images and roughness showed that after 30 days of immersion in water, the experimental giomer G had the roughest surface.
Highlights
Giomers are hybrid materials, having a resin matrix and pre-reacted glass filler (PRG) and controlled fluoride releasing properties
The lowest water sorption values for each of the investigation days were registered for material Beautifil flow Plus X F00 (B-F00), with the second day registering an increase compared to the first day (13.87 μg/mm3 compared to 11.38 μg/mm3) and decreased at the end of the period to 10.85 μg/mm3
The experimental giomer G and the commercial material Beautifil flow F02 (B-F02) have similar filler values, making them display a somewhat similar behavior when exposed to a wet environment
Summary
Giomers are hybrid materials, having a resin matrix and pre-reacted glass filler (PRG) and controlled fluoride releasing properties. They comprise the easy handling and esthetic properties of composite resin materials and the carious protection thru fluoride release offered by glass-ionomers [1]. Giomers have been introduced on the market by Shofu Dental (Japan) which provided different consistencies, adapted for various clinical situations: conventional (indicated for reconstruction of tooth anatomy when important portions of the dental structure are missing) and flowable giomers, with more specific indications, according to their individual consistencies: high stress areas, like class V restorations, or marginal ridges, cavity liners, and small restorations [3,4,5,6]. The material selection was aimed to allow for a better understanding of the experimental material G properties
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