Water quality trough the use of bioindicators, climate change and environmental education in the paraense Amazon

Abstract

Water quality, currently determined through laboratory analysis, can also be determined by the presence or absence of bioindicators sensitive to climate change, and these relationships can be the subject of studies in Environmental Education. The objective of this integrative analysis was to identify the existing gaps in physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, the use of biomonitors, the insertion of climate change and the role of Environmental Education as a fundamental complement to these analyses in the Pará Amazon, especially in the municipality of Paragominas. The secondary data were obtained from academic literatures published between 1997 and 2022, the year in which the National Water Resources Policy turns 25 years old. The data obtained and analyzed indicated that the research on water quality in the Pará Amazon, uses physical-chemical parameters, and compares the laboratory data obtained with the values established in Resolution No. 357/2005. The use of these parameters associated with aquatic bioindicators in Paragominas already presents data directed, with greater frequency, to the Uraim River, igarapé 54 and seven, which leaves a gap as to the Paragominas/Prainha River, which is a receptor of urban effluents and a tributary of the right bank of the Uraim; there are other gaps such as: scarcity of research regarding water quality and climate change are scarce; Environmental Education, although the municipality already has a plan for this, is still only applied in formal education spaces in lower and upper elementary school, but is not applied to users of water resources, which leaves them at the margins of this process. Therefore, these gaps become difficulties in the correct and active application of the NWRP.