Virosome: A virus created specifically to deliver a vaccination

Abstract

Liposomes are particularly interesting as a novel medication delivery technology because of their potential as gene carriers and capacity to reduce drug toxicity. Optimized lipid components have been developed to prevent the uptake of reticuloendothelial system (RES). The liposome surface has been altered with antibodies or ligands that are recognized by particular cell types in order to increase tissues localization. Liposomes and fusiogenic viral envelope protein have been combined to form new virosomes, which introduce molecules directly into cells, hence improving the efficiency of gene delivery. Efforts had been made to use virosomes as adjuvants or antibodies, and also for means of drug delivery and organics, for therapeutic applications because they are biocompatible, nontoxic, non-auto-immunogenetic and, biodegradable. In contrast with conventional methods of vaccine development, a vaccine based on virosomes represents a new era in the field of immunization since it strikes a balance between acceptability and efficacy because of its immune-stimulating mechanism. The ability of virosomes to function as a therapeutic target and vaccine adjuvant, as well as their capacity to transport a different kind of substances, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic and their ability to target specific drugs. The main topics of this article are the basics of virosomes, their formulation, composition, and advantages, development, current clinical status, interactions with the immune system, recent developments, and virosome-related research, as well as the safety, effectiveness, and tolerability of vaccines based on virosomes and their prospects for the future.