Abstract
AbstractThe Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1664ce) ruled in South India from the early 14th to mid‐17th centuries. At the peak of its power, the Vijayanagara Empire dominated the South Indian landscape, comprising a majority of the territory of modern‐day Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, as well parts of Kerala. Vijayanagara was ruled by four dynasties: Sangama (1336–1485), Saluva (1485–1505), Tuluva (1505–1565), and Aravidu (1565–1664). The empire was founded and flourished at its eponymous first capital in Karnataka, and also occupied two later capitals at Penukonda and Chandragiri, in Andhra Pradesh. Vijayanagara economic prosperity was supported by agricultural intensification, organized taxation, and domestic and international trade. Elite patronage supported an elaborate courtly culture, including religious and secular architecture, sculpture and painting, literary and musical works, and shared modes of dress and communication. As Vijayanagara waned, it was supplanted by successor states and early European colonial powers.
Published Version
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