Victimological Characteristics of Fraud in the Banking Sphere (Based on the Materials from Siberian Federal District)

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of victimological characteristics of bank fraud committed in Siberian Federal District in 2015-2021. The research results reveal a high level of victimization from bank fraud in Siberian Federal District, and show that the structure of victimization is dominated by fraud with the use of electronic means of payment. The authors draw attention to a specific feature of the victims of this type of fraud, who could be both physical and juridical persons. It was determined that in the time period under consideration, juridical persons were mainly victims of fraud in the sphere of credit financing (Art. 159.1 of the CC of the RF), while physical persons more often became victims of fraud with the use of electronic means of payment (Art. 159.3 of the CC of the RF), besides, the share of physical persons grew 17 times and, by the end of the period, constituted 84 % of the total number of victims. The analysis of the personality of a bank frauds victim showed that the relevant factors for victimization from fraud are age and marital status, while the level of education is not relevant. Several types of victimity were singled out among victimogenic factors, which were often manifested in the careless actions of victims. For juridical persons, personal victimity types are aggravated by role victimity, while for physical persons their victim behavior, which facilitated fraud, is quite often unconnected with their victimity. The authors also analyzed other victimogenic factors determining victimization from bank fraud. It was established that objective factors are mainly typical for the victimization of juridical persons, and their role is minimal for the victimization of physical persons. They point out the existing problems of victimological prevention and the general directions of its development.