Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of seed size and drying way during seed maturation on physiological quality of velvet bean ( Mucuna aterrima (Piper et Trace) Holland) seeds. Racemes were harvested weekly, starting 40 days after 50% blooming of the plants (40 DAB) and ending at dry pod stage (89 DAB). The pods of the racemes were divided in two halves considering the position in the axis; half of pods was shelled and the seeds were dried in natural environment conditions of laboratory without air temperature control and relative humidity; the other half was dried as intact pod in same environment conditions and shelled when dry. The dry seeds were sized by sieves with round holes and the percentages of the size-graded by width were calculated. The seeds held on sieves 26/64”, 24/64” and 22/64” (10.32, 9.52 and 8.73 mm, respectively), the predominant sizes, were submitted to germination test. The drying in intact pods resulted in seeds with best physiological quality, independent of maturation stage and seed size. The large seeds coming from dry pods presented less hard seeds percentage.
Highlights
A mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima (Piper et Trace) Holland) é uma leguminosa anual ou bianual, de porte baixo e trepadeira (Trani et al, 1989)
The aim of this work was to study the effects of seed size and drying way during seed maturation on physiological quality of velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima (Piper et Trace) Holland) seeds
Racemes were harvested weekly, starting 40 days after 50% blooming of the plants (40 DAB) and ending at dry pod stage (89 DAB)
Summary
O experimento foi conduzido parte em condições de campo, em solo classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho (Oliveira et al, 1999), pertencente a Fazenda Experimental Lageado (FEL) do Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquista Filho” (Unesp), localizada no município de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, com altitude de 815 m, latitude de 22°51’ sul e longitude de 48°26’ oeste, e parte em laboratório, durante 1994-1995. 40 dias após a emergência das plântulas do milho, semeou-se a mucuna-preta, nas entrelinhas, distante cerca de 0,30 m da planta de milho, para obter espaçamentos semelhantes aos da cultura principal. A outra metade das vagens do rácemo foi posta intacta em bandejas para secar também em condições de ambiente de laboratório; nessas as sementes foram extraídas por ocasião das avaliações, quando as vagens encontravam-se secas. Foi também avaliada a coloração das sementes, nas vagens que foram abertas logo após a colheita, antes da secagem, anotando-se a coloração predominante. As sementes de cada colheita, após estarem secas, foram classificadas por peneiras de crivo circular 26/64” (P26), 24/64” (P24), 22/64” (P22), 20/64” (P20) e 18/64” (P18) respectivamente com diâmetros de 10,32; 9,52; 8,73; 7,94 e 7,14 mm. Estas análises foram feitas para cada condição de secagem, na avaliação da distribuição percentual das sementes quanto ao tamanho (retenção em peneiras) e, para cada condição de secagem e tamanho de sementes, na avaliação da distribuição percentual de germinação (plântulas normais), plântulas anormais e sementes duras e mortas
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