Abstract
In strong-field ionization processes, two-color laser fields are frequently used for controlling sub-cycle electron dynamics via the relative phase of the laser fields. Here we apply this technique to velocity map imaging spectroscopy using an unconventional orientation with the polarization of the ionizing laser field perpendicular to the detector surface and the steering field parallel to it. This geometry allows not only to image the phase-dependent photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) of low-energy electrons that interact only weakly with the ion (direct electrons), but also to investigate the low yield of higher-energy rescattered electrons. Phase-dependent measurements of the PMD of neon and xenon demonstrate control over direct and rescattered electrons. The results are compared with semi-classical calculations in three dimensions including elastic scattering at different orders of return and with solutions of the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
Highlights
A detailed description of the model and calibration of the laser field intensities is given in appendices A and B
Xenon shows substantially richer structures, in particular some wing-like features to the left and the right of the y-axis (figure 7(a)). These structures are present in the semi-classical calculation (figure 7(b)) and the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) calculated for the 1s state of a soft-core potential (figure 7(c))
The differences in the TDSE calculations are predominantly due to the different shape of the potentials used, which have different scattering cross-sections
Summary
The OTC technique is combined with velocity map imaging (VMI) spectroscopy [25] in an atypical geometry with the polarization of the (weak) steering field parallel to the detector surface and the polarization of the (strong) ionizing laser field perpendicular to it. In this configuration, changes in the momentum distribution due to the steering field change the position of the distribution on the detector and can be directly observed.
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