Variasi dan Analisis Fenetik Aksesi Kembang Sungsang (Gloriosa superba L.) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi dan Anatomi

Abstract

Kembang sungsang (Gloriosa superba L.) is a member of Colchicaceae family and distributed in tropical areas such as India, Malaysia, and Indonesia. G. superba has a high colchicine content, so it is widely used as a traditional medicine and biomutagen. The diverse habitats of G. superba have potential to create variations. The aims of this study were to determine the morphological, anatomical variations, and phenetic relationship of G. superba in Yogyakarta. A sample of 12 accessions was taken from 4 regencies in Yogyakarta: Bantul, Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Gunungkidul. Morphological characterization are tubers, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Transversal section of leaves were prepared using paraffin embedding method to observe leaf structure and paradermal preparations to observe the leaf epidermis. The similarity index between OTUs is calculated using the Gower General Similarity Coefficient, clustering using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages) algorithm to form a dendrogram with MVSP (Multivariate Statistical Package) software. The results showed that the morphological variations of G. superba in Yogyakarta were large in terms of stem height, branching, number of leaves, leaf arrangement, leaf size, tuber shape, and tuber diameter. Leaf arrangement of G. superba population have 3 types: opposite, alternate, and mixed. Anatomical variations were large in terms of adaxial epidermal thickness, lamina thickness, midrib thickness, transport bundle size, stomatal size, and stomatal density. Based on the phenetic analysis, morphological characters are grouped into two clusters, while anatomical character into four clusters without pattern.