Size and Density of Artemisia annua Stomata Soaked in Water Extract of Gloriosa superba Seeds

Sri Indah Rahmawati,Ahmad Yunus,Ari Susilowati

doi:10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11234

Sri Indah Rahmawati, Ahmad Yunus + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11234

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Abstract

Artemisia annua is a herbaceous plant that produces artemisinin as a malaria drug, haemorrhoids therapy, aromatherapy, antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial. Gloriosa superba is a plant that contains high colchicine compounds, especially on the seeds. Gloriosa superba extracts of tubers, stems, seeds, and leaves were used as biomutagen for many plants. Colchicine contains of these plants as antimitotic have been studied and proven by the mitotic index plants. Water extracts of Gloriosa superba seeds was used as a mutagen for Artemisia annua. The aim of this study was to determine the size and density of Artemisia annua stomata soaked in water extract of Gloriosa superba seeds as a mutagen. Extraction of Gloriosa superba seeds obtained naturally on Krakal Beach, Gunung Kidul by using a maceration method with water solvent (1:1). Artemisia annua sprouts were obtained from B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu. Variables treatment on sprouts using water extract concentration of Gloriosa superba seeds and soaking time of Artemisia annua sprouts. Measurements of stomatal length, width and density were conducted in epidermis of Artemisia annua leaf. Observation and measurements of the stomata were conducted by using a light microscope. The results showed that the length and width of stomata were 0.025 mm and 0.017 mm respectively. The stomatal density of the control leaf (174.69 amount/mm2) was lower than the other treated plants. Stomatal size and density has increased with the increasing concentration extracts on treated plants. Water extracts of Gloriosa superba seeds proved the effects on stomatal size and density of treated plants.

Highlights

Artemisia annua is a potential Chinese medicinal plant to be cultivated in Indonesia (Figure 1)
The treatment variables in this study were the concentration of water extracts of Gloriosa superba seeds (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and the soaking time of Artemisia annua sprouts (0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes)
The results of this study indicate the similarity with research by Banyai et al (2010) showing that plants in Artemisia annua L. tetraploid have larger stomatal size than diploid plants

Summary

Introduction

Artemisia annua is a potential Chinese medicinal plant to be cultivated in Indonesia (Figure 1). This medicinal plant produces the active ingredient artemisinin as a malaria drug to replace quinine that has been resistant to P. Issue of Artemisia annua plant development in Indonesia according to Lestari, et al (2010) is that the available genotype has a very low artemisinin content. Polyploidy induction of Artemisia annua is able to increase artemisinin production (Banyai et al, 2010; Huang et al, 2010). Plant induction of ploidy can increase the content of artemisinin as has been proven in the research by Lin, et al (2011)

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