Abstract
Introduction: The article presents the results of a long-term study of quantitative traits in winter triticale varieties and accessions grown in the soil/climatic conditions of the central region of Belarus using conventional and intensive cultivation technologies. The effects of the intensification level on the yield, performance constituents and triticale grain quality are described.
 Purpose: to assess the variability of quantitative traits in winter triticale grown by conventional and intensive cultivation technologies in Belarus.
 Material and methods: Winter hexaploid triticale varieties and promising accessions grown by traditional and intensive technologies in a competitive variety trial nursery were studied. The plot area was 10 m2; the replication number was three; the design was randomized; the seeding rate was 4.5 million viable seeds per hectare; the observation period was in 2011-2020. Upon intensive cultivation, additional doses of nitrogen fertilizers, trace elements (Cu, Mn), growth regulators and fungicides were applied. The contents of crude protein, gluten and starch in grain were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy
 Results and discussion: During the observation period, the average yield from the winter triticale accessions in the competitive variety trial nursery was on 69.3 dt/ha and 77.8 dt/ha upon the application of traditional and intensive cultivation technologies, respectively. The additional factors of intensification increased the yield by 8.5 dt/ha or by 12.3 %. The constituents of the main spike performance as well as contents of crude protein and gluten in winter triticale grain also grew. Strengthening of intensification of the cultivation technology didn’t significantly affect the test weight, 1000-grain weight or crude protein content.
 Conclusions. The use of additional methods of intensification was demonstrated to change the absolute values of the winter triticale indicators, to have no key impact on the level of their environmental of genotypic variability. The test weight and crude protein content were the most stable traits, while the gluten content and yield – the least stable ones, as their values were determined by both varietal specificity and environmental factors
Highlights
High yields in various soil/climatic conditions are the main factor in the competitiveness of triticale as a grain fodder crop
The minimum yields were received with both technologies in 2013 (5.09 t/ha and 6.15 t/ha, respectively); the maximum yields – in 2017 (9.39 t/ha and 10.88 t/ha, respectively)
The variational analysis of the average annual yield values showed that the modification variability of this indicator was moderate or considerable, indicating significant effects of the weather on the fulfillment of the biological potential of the winter triticale performance
Summary
High yields in various soil/climatic conditions are the main factor in the competitiveness of triticale as a grain fodder crop. Of the 32 triticale varieties included in the State Register of the Republic of Belarus (2020), 23 domestic (10) and foreign (13) varieties are winter ones. In addition to domestic varieties, eight Polish, three German, one Ukrainian and one French winter varieties are allowed for cultivation on the territory of the Republic, with different areas of admissibility. The article presents the results of a long-term study of quantitative traits in winter triticale varieties and accessions grown in the soil/climatic conditions of the central region of Belarus using conventional and intensive cultivation technologies. Purpose: to assess the variability of quantitative traits in winter triticale grown by conventional and intensive cultivation technologies in Belarus
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