Value Chain Analysis of Iran Steel Industry: Combining economic analysis of value chain and material flow analysis

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صنعت فولاد به عنوان یکی از صنایع مادر کشور نقش بسزایی در اشتغال­زایی و ارزآوری دارد و از صنایع زیربنایی توسعه کشور محسوب می شود. ایران در فاکتورهای مهم تولید فولاد مزیت دارد؛ بر اساس طرح جامع فولاد ایران، کلیه حلقه­های زنجیره ارزش این صنعت می­بایست به صورت متوازن توسعه یابند تا کشور از حیث تامین مواد اولیه و میانی زنجیره خود کفا باشد. در مقاله پیش رو با استفاده از روش تحلیل اقتصادی زنجیره ارزش و تحلیل جریان مواد به واکاوی زنجیره ارزش صنعت فولاد ایران در سال­های 93-95 پرداخته شده است. ابتدا زنجیره ارزش فولاد کشور ترسیم و با استفاده از آمار مربوط به میزان تولید و فروش سالانه در هر حلقه از زنجیره ارزش، آمار واردات و صادرات محصولات مختلف زنجیره و . . . جریان مواد در زنجیره ارزش صنعت فولاد تحلیل گردید. سپس کل ارزش افزوده حاصل از زنجیره و سهم مراحل مختلف و هزینه­های عملیاتی و سربار در هر حلقه شناسایی شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق عدم توزان و عدم بهره­وری در طول زنجیره مشهود است و در هر سه سال کمبود ظرفیت گندله­سازی، گلوگاه توازن زنجیره بوده است. علاوه بر این تنها بدلیل تفاوت ظرفیت اسمی و تولید واقعی در تولید گندله در سال­ 1393 حدود چهارصد میلیارد ریال، در سال 1394 حدود هزار میلیارد ریال و در سال 1395 حدود هشت هزار میلیارد ریال از ارزش افزوده­ای که می­توانست در زنجیره تولید شود، کاسته شده­است. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق عدم توزان و عدم بهره‌وری در طول زنجیره مشهود است و در هر سه سال کمبود ظرفیت گندله-سازی، گلوگاه توازن زنجیره بوده است. علاوه بر این تنها بدلیل تفاوت ظرفیت اسمی و تولید واقعی در تولید گندله در سال‌ 1393 حدود چهارصد میلیارد ریال، در سال 1394 حدود هزار میلیارد ریال و در سال 1395 حدود هشت هزار میلیارد ریال از ارزش افزوده‌ای که می‌توانست در طول زنجیره تولید شود، کاسته شده‌است.

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