Using “Symbolic” SWAT Raids as a Crime Reduction Strategy: Are Their Effects “Instrumental” in Nature?

Abstract

This study explores the instrumental function of hot spot policing. Although prior research has examined deterrent effects in crime hot spots, less is known about its citywide effects and varying effects across different types of crime and disorder. Also, there still exist gaps in the literature about what strategies are most likely to deter crime and disorder. Using data on crime and law enforcement in Buffalo, this study uses interrupted time-series models to determine whether symbolic Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) raids have any citywide impacts on drug arrests, calls for service, and different types of crimes. There is no evidence of a deterrent effect on drug arrests and calls for service. However, the SWAT intervention resulted in significant decreases in street crimes involving property (robberies and larcenies). Its crime control effects are mostly abrupt and temporary, but there are lingering effects of the intervention. Finally, implications of the results are discussed.