Using Multimodal Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Video-Text Retrieval

Abstract

Cross-modal retrieval aims to enable a flexible bi-directional retrieval experience across different modalities ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g</i> ., searching for videos with texts). Many existing efforts tend to learn a common semantic representation embedding space in which items of different modalities can be directly compared, wherein the positive global representations of video-text pairs are pulled close while the negative ones are pushed apart via pair-wise ranking loss. However, such a vanilla loss would unfortunately yield ambiguous feature embeddings for texts of different videos, causing inaccurate cross-modal matching and unreliable retrievals. Toward this end, we propose a multimodal contrastive knowledge distillation method for instance video-text retrieval, called MCKD, by adaptively using the general knowledge of self-supervised model (teacher) to calibrate mixed boundaries. Specifically, the teacher model is tailored for robust (less-ambiguous) visual-text joint semantic space by maximizing mutual information of co-occurred modalities during multimodal contrastive learning. This robust and structural inter-instance knowledge is then distilled, with the help of explicit discrimination loss, to a student model for improved matching performance. Extensive experiments on four public benchmark video-text datasets (MSR-VTT, TGIF, VATEX, and Youtube2Text) demonstrate that our MCKD can achieve at most 8.8%, 6.4%, 5.9%, and 5.3% improvement in text-to-video performance by the R@1 metric, compared with 14 SoTA baselines.