Abstract
The results of the use of probiotic strains of microorganisms of the Bacillus family for the correction and formation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the impact on metabolism in calves are presented.
 The aim of the study. To analyze the effect of probiotics on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and biochemical parameters of blood in calves up to one month.
 Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2020 in the conditions of Ukrainian farms for cattle breeding. Five experimental groups of five one-week-old calves were formed in each and one control group. Calves were kept separately in the same conditions on the same diet, but with feeding together with colostrum substitute probiotics of five grams per animal: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus. The strains are deposited and produced by “Kronos Agro” Ukraine.
 Results. It was found that as a result of studies when feeding calves B. coagulans, B. pumilus and B. mucilaginosus the number of Lactobacillus sp. was 80 % higher than in the control group. The level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal values. Animals in the group where B. mucilaginosus was given had a higher amount of Candida - up to 300 CFU/g and Enterobacteriaceae – 200 CFU/g; which is 50 % less compared to control groups, but more than in the experiment with B. coagulans. According to the results of biochemical examination of blood serum in calves, the absence of toxic effects of probiotic strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus on the internal organs of animals was established.
 Conclusions. It was found that the maximum positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of calves up to 30 days of age had B. coagulans (1×109) when fed at a dose of 5 g per animal. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was the maximum and reached 800 CFU/g, which is 80 % more than in the control group. At the same time, the level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal indicators and was: Clostridium by 20 %, Escherichia coli – by 70 %, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Candida – 100 % less than the control.
 In the study of biochemical parameters, it was found that the activity of enzymes, protein and glucose levels in the serum of experimental animals fed with B. coagulans were within the physiological norm, indicating a normal metabolic process and no toxic effects.
Highlights
Along with the intensive development of livestock breeding methods, breeders’ expectations regarding probiotic feed additives are growing, which would guarantee such results as growth acceleration, protection against pathogenic infections and improvement of other production parameters, such as feed digestibility and meat and milk quality [1].The main reason for the use of probiotics was the desire to achieve certain beneficial effects comparable to the effects of antibiotic-based growth stimulants
(2021), «EUREKA: Health Sciences» Number 4 nutrition is associated with their proven effectiveness in modulating the intestinal microbiota
As a result of the conducted researches it was established that when feeding calves B. coa gulans, B. pumilus and B. mucilaginosus the amount of Lactobacillus sp. was the maximum and reached 700–800 colony-forming units in g of feces (CFU/g), which is 80 % more than in the control group
Summary
Along with the intensive development of livestock breeding methods, breeders’ expectations regarding probiotic feed additives are growing, which would guarantee such results as growth acceleration, protection against pathogenic infections and improvement of other production parameters, such as feed digestibility and meat and milk quality [1].The main reason for the use of probiotics was the desire to achieve certain beneficial effects comparable to the effects of antibiotic-based growth stimulants. The use of probiotics in animal (2021), «EUREKA: Health Sciences» Number 4 nutrition is associated with their proven effectiveness in modulating the intestinal microbiota. Used mainly to maintain the balance of the intestinal microbiota of cattle, they are an effective method of combating pathogens that pose a threat to both animals and consumers [3]. The beneficial effect of probiotics in animal husbandry is associated with different modes of action [4]. The improvement in the productivity of all species of animals fed probiotics was mainly due to the fact that probiotics promoted the metabolic processes of digestion and the use of nutrients [5]
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