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Abstract
The increasing demand for higher quality and yield of wine production has led to a growing interest in precision viticulture, i.e., practices of monitoring and managing spatial variations in variables related to productivity within a vineyard. This paper presents a few applications of optical measurements, in combination with monitoring systems making use of geolocation and remote/proximal sensing, to calculate vegetation indices related to plant vigour and water stress in vineyards. Measurements were performed on vineyards in Burgenland, Austria, by both aerial and proximal (terrestrial) sensing techniques. A remote-sensing, four-band multispectral sensor, placed on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), has been used to detect the spectral signature of the vineyard and to calculate the NDVI index, useful to selectively address the harvest on the basis of quality and quantity of grapes. Proximal, thermal infrared imaging complemented the investigation providing information about the water status of the vegetation through the CWSI index. Examples of vigour maps are provided, showing, inside a given parcel, the presence of canopies at different level of vegetation characteristics. Results provide a range of information useful to make the optimal choice in management strategies of vineyards.
Highlights
Precision viticulture aims at optimizing vineyard performance, in particular by maximizing grape yield and quality while minimizing costs, environmental impacts and risk
This paper presents a few applications of optical measurements, in combination with monitoring systems making use of geolocation and remote/proximal sensing, to calculate vegetation indices related to plant vigour and water stress in vineyards
The most widely used indicator of plant vigour is the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), related to the difference between the light reflected in the near infrared and in the red regions; healthy vegetation is characterized by large NDVI values, whereas low NDVI values correspond to stressed vegetation [2]
Summary
Precision viticulture aims at optimizing vineyard performance, in particular by maximizing grape yield and quality while minimizing costs, environmental impacts and risk. Techniques for investigating the physiological status of vegetation include the detection of reflectance of light (solar radiation) in the visible and near infrared wavelengths and the use of infrared thermography. As outlined in [7], in remote sensing the most common measurement condition on field is the hemispherical-conical configuration This definition assumes the surface incident radiance consisting of a mixture of solar direct and diffuse components creating an illumination field that is hemispherical in angular extent. The reflectance variation with wavelength of vegetation, in the visible and near infrared ranges, can be associated with the plant physiological response to growth conditions and adaptations to the environment. Of particular relevance is the difference between the high reflectance of near infrared radiation and the low reflectance (high absorption by chlorophyll) of red radiation, since it can be related to the vegetative status, as outlined in the figure
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