Abstract
Simple SummaryScientific attention to infrared technology has grown over the last decade. Remote and non-invasive monitoring techniques are of great importance in discovering ejaculation response and future trends because of their role in vascular flux regulation. However, detailed information about its use in andrology has yet to be fully explained. Therefore, we aimed to reveal information about the amount of sperm to be obtained by observing stress levels with non-invasive eye temperature measurement, and the relationship between various reproductive temperature patterns and parameters of the animal’s various physiological conditions such as age, body condition, total ejaculation time and testicular volume.This study aimed to describe the thermal variation of external reproductive tracts during ejaculation in relation to sperm quality in dogs. Forty-six adult fertile dogs were monitored using a thermal camera before, during and after the semen collection, taking into account penile and scrotal temperatures as reproductive thermal patterns while eye and perianal temperatures were recorded as complementary thermal patterns of behavioral response. The parameters were classified depending on age (≤4 years and >4 years), body weight (BW) (≤75 kg and >75 kg), sperm concentration (CON) (≤300 million and >300 million), total testicular volume (TTV) (≤600 cm3 and >600 cm3) and total ejaculation time (TET) (≤800 s and >800 s) of the animals from which semen was collected successfully. Heavier males (p < 0.05) that have more consistent testicles (p < 0.01) as well as quicker ejaculate responders (p < 0.001) and lower scrotal temperature had better semen (Δ motility) freezability. The lower eye temperature prior to the ejaculation (p < 0.01), lower scrotal temperature following ejaculation (p < 0.01), and conversely, higher penile temperature during the ejaculation (p < 0.001) had a higher sperm concentration. Furthermore, the sperm freezability was negatively correlated with total ejaculation time (r = −0.39, p < 0.05) and sperm abnormalities were lower in the ejaculate of dogs having a higher temperature of the scrotum, bulbus and penis. In conclusion, infrared monitoring throughout semen collection in dogs can provide information on behavioral reactions during human manipulation, as well as semen quality and testicular functionality.
Highlights
The Malakli is a giant aggressive guard dog breed (90 kg average body weight) that derives the name from the dropped lips
Infrared thermography in clinical animal andrology is considered in various species and specific information about its use for the definition of a thermal pattern of scrotal surface temperature is present above all in species with a pendulous scrotum [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]
Contrasting with the findings of Ramires-Neto et al [21], where the young stallions had a lower scrotal surface temperature than the older ones, the scrotal temperature before ejaculation was higher in younger males, the sperm freezability was not affected by the age of the animals since the semen was collected from a dog population with a narrow range of age (2–7 years of age)
Summary
The Malakli is a giant aggressive guard dog breed (90 kg average body weight) that derives the name from the dropped lips This dog breed is especially used to protect small ruminant herds from predators in open pastures. Infrared thermography (IRT) presents a remote and non-invasive technique that measures the surface temperature by either emitting or detecting radiant heat in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum of every object. Infrared thermography in clinical animal andrology is considered in various species and specific information about its use for the definition of a thermal pattern of scrotal surface temperature is present above all in species with a pendulous scrotum [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]
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