Urbanisation‐driven shifts in fog patterns and fog hole formation in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain

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AbstractRecent studies indicate a global decline in fog occurrences, particularly in urban areas. This study investigates fog trends across the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, focusing on the impact of urbanisation using long‐term ground and satellite data. Despite a general increase in fog frequencies elsewhere, we find a notable decline in dense fog occurrences in the megacity Delhi. Satellite data reveal that expanding fog holes over major urban areas strongly correlate with the underlying urban and built‐up areas. These findings highlight the substantial role of urban expansion in altering fog patterns, with broad implications for aviation and other sectors reliant on accurate fog prediction.