Abstract
Increased impervious surfaces due to urbanization have reduced evaporation and infiltration into the soil compared with existing natural water cycle systems, which causes various problems, such as urban floods, landslides, and deterioration of water quality. To effectively solve the urban water cycle issue, green infrastructure using urban green space has emerged to reduce runoff and increase evaporation. It has the advantage of restoring the water cycle system of urban areas by complementing the failure of conventional stormwater treatment systems. However, urban areas under high-density development have limited green space for stormwater treatment. Hence, it is necessary to efficiently utilize street trees and small green spaces to improve the urban water cycle through green space. In this study, we simulated different green space distribution scenarios in the virtual domain to find the optimal strategy of green space planning. Compared to clustered scenarios, dispersed green space distribution scenarios and placing green space downstream were more effective in reducing the runoff amount. The paper provides insights into the considerations for determining green space spatial plan and zoning regulations for stormwater treatment by green infrastructure.
Highlights
Stormwater management is a challenge in urban environments
The impact of urban floods is enormous since most of the population and infrastructure are centered in urban areas
The climate models developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict an increase in average annual precipitation for Midwestern United States of up to 20% by the end of this century [9]
Summary
Stormwater management is a challenge in urban environments. Urbanization with a large amount of land-use change has caused many side effects [1,2]. The frequency and intensity of urban floods has increased [3,4]. The impact of urban floods is enormous since most of the population and infrastructure are centered in urban areas. The failure of infrastructure, including traffic, electricity, and communication, causes incalculable loss [5]. Traditional stormwater treatment systems, which called grey infrastructure, are often inadequate for reducing runoff and flood probability [6]. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of storms [7] and exacerbate existing stormwater systems [8]. The climate models developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict an increase in average annual precipitation for Midwestern United States of up to 20% by the end of this century [9]
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