Discussion on the construction of disaster prevention green infrastructure network planning

Abstract

This paper use the advanced experience of Japan in the area of disaster prevention green space planning and construction and, look at the status, gaps and challenges of China’s construction and planning of Green Infrastructure, present the new thinking direction about the construction of disaster prevention green space combine with Green Infrastructure. Taking the construction of the disaster prevention green infrastructure network planning of Majiagou River in Harbin as an example and put forward related strategies. In 2011, after “3·11” East Japan earthquake, disaster areas that rely on all levels of green space, open space, and the campus in disaster prevention and evacuation system, which amount to more than 2400 shelters, provide protection for 550 thousand people at most as shelters. However, in the initial stage after the Wenchuan earthquake, a large number of residents can only squeeze in the red line inside the road, because of the lack of adequate shelter in the range by the walking scale. This phenomenon shows that when the earthquake, fire and other devastating sudden urban disasters occur, urban green space and other open space play an important role in disaster prevention. disasters usually have the characteristics of burst, diversity and companion, which requires that the planning and construction of urban disaster prevention shelter should have the function of coping with all kinds of unexpected events. Moreover, the number, scale and distribution of the disaster prevention green space and evacuation system is closely related to the number and the distribution of local residents. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current situation of China's national planning and construction of disaster prevention green infrastructure, analyzes the gaps and challenges, combine with disaster prevention planning and construction of urban green infrastructure to provide a new thinking direction. 1.The experience of foreign disaster prevention green space planning and construction In 19 Century, Chicago and Boston have happened a succession of fires, in the post disaster reconstruction plan, Chicago park system and Boston Park system separated high density urban areas through the park road and use open space system to prevent the spread of fire. This strategy also improve the city's ability to resist natural disasters, this planning method fully develop the functions of parks as well as other green space, it is a pioneer in the planning of disaster prevention green space system. After the Great Kanto earthquake in 1923, Japan look at the ideas and practices of Chicago park system planning to develop the first systematic planning of green space system. From 1972, Japan has carried on 6 times of “the city park construction plan” and gradually transformed more and more urban parks to disaster prevention parks and completed the construction of the urban refuge system rely on green space system. After the Hanshin Awaji Earthquake in 1995, Japan has reviewed the rationality of the layout of City disaster prevention park and the completeness of disaster prevention facilities to enhance the disaster prevention function of urban park green space, it also continued to 4th National Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (NCEECE 2015) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1211 extend the area of disaster prevention park at the same time. Furthermore, the Japanese government has provided enough legal guarantee and fund guarantee for the promotion of urban disaster prevention green space system planning and construction. First of all, Japan has introduced a series of regulatory documents include the Urban parks code Urban green space Preservation code about some detailed provisions of the disaster prevention park planning and design as well as construction of the relevant issues. Secondly, Japanese government has provided financial support for the construction of disaster prevention park green space, including 1/3 costs of land acquisition and 1/2costs of facilities construction. Since 1995, Japan appropriate 200 billion yen every year , using to build a number of disaster prevention park respectively in the major cities. 2. Disaster prevention green space system planning and construction in China From the experience of Japan, Taiwan has began Taipei city planning and some related research of disaster prevention system planning and disaster prevention space system in last century 90's. The research on the earthquake resistant efficiency of urban green space in China is began to be first seen in 1990s, most of the theoretical research has focused on the disaster prevention planning system and construction management experience in Japan, Europe and the United States. In the last few years, some researcher such as Liu Haiyan and Xie Junfei has used the spatial analysis of GIS combined with the population distribution density, respectively carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis research on the hedging ability of city park in Xi'an and Beijing to provide a reliable basis for disaster prevention green space planning. The laws and regulations relating to the construction of urban green space planning and construction in China include “Law of the people's Republic of China on urban and rural planning”, “Urban greening regulations and Regulations on urban green planning and construction”, “The park design code”. “The system of urban green space system planning (Trial) (2002)” is still lack of the requirements for the urban disaster prevention green space planning, which make most of the urban green space system planning in our country has no consideration about the disaster prevention green space planning. The “City earthquake disaster prevention planning regulations “Article9 :”To develop city earthquake disaster prevention planning should include the municipal and district level suspension channel and the evacuation site (such as green square, etc.) and personnel evacuation and evacuation center measures “ has been implemented since 2003. After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the Ministry released “Strengthening the urban green space system construction, improve the ability of urban disaster prevention and mitigation”, besides, put forward the organization and leadership of specific suggestions, guidelines and requirements in respect of urban green space system in the role of disaster prevention, planning, construction, facilities maintenance and disaster prevention work, which provide guidance on regulations for the planning and construction of disaster prevention green space and play an important role in achieving urban green space planning regulations system. Beijing and other provinces and cities have also introduced the corresponding regulations, for the construction of disaster prevention system to provide legal protection (Table 1). Following the first disaster prevention park——Beijing Yuan Dadu City Wall Relics Park built in 2003, Beijing, Xi'an and other places has carried out some work of disaster prevention planning and make some progress.