Abstract
We report the enhancement of ferro/piezo-electric properties of lead-free alkali based perovskite Na0.46K0.46Li0.08NbO3 (NKLN) by vanadium doping (NKLNV) for high performing piezoelectric devices. Lead-free NKLN and NKLNV ceramics are synthesized via solid state reaction route as a substitute to the lead-based ceramic for the applications in sensors, transducers, and other electronic devices. The structural phase of synthesized ceramics is found to be pure perovskite as observed from powder X-ray diffraction. In dielectric studies, Curie temperature is found to be around 450 °C for both the samples. SEM images revealed the formation of homogeneous microstructure with well-defined grains. Dense polycrystalline ceramics having grain size of about 5 μm are obtained as a result of sintering at optimised temperature of 1050 °C. The micrographs showed that the grain size begins to evolve with reduced porosity in vanadium doped NKLN. Vicker's microhardness indentation test is performed for different loads at dwell time of 30 s, in which it was observed that the V-doping has enhanced the hardness. In ferroelectric studies, NKLNV shows higher value of remnant polarization as compared to NKLN as observed in P-E hysteresis loop. Fine microstructure and larger grain size felicitated the movement and reorientation of dipoles which resulted in enhanced piezoelectric coefficient for vanadium substituted NKLN ceramics. Flexible energy harvesters were fabricated by making a composite with PDMS, and then coating a thick film over ITO/PET sheet. NKLNV-based flexible device showed an improvement in open-circuit output voltage of 13.8 V under gentle finger tapping. NKLNV ceramics are a viable lead-free alternative for dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric applications.
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