Abstract
Dithranol is a therapeutic agent mainly used for psoriasis; however, its clinical use is limited by poor stability, skin irritation, and low patient compliance with conventional formulations. This paper reviews the various advanced drug delivery systems that have been formulated to bypass the above limitations and improve the pharmacokinetics of dithranol. In this context, we describe the problems of the current formulations, which are the instability of the drug and adverse reactions to the skin. Further, we present the advantages of advanced delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, for drug stabilization and delivery to target tissues. We elaborate on the working of polymeric systems, including hydrogels, microparticles, micelles, and prodrugs, with which drug solubility is improved and drug release is sustained. Finally, through in-vitro and in-vivo studies and clinical procedures, details are given regarding the drug release kinetics, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of such formulations. The text elaborates on future directions and new technological approaches toward the delivery of dithranol. These advanced delivery systems will help to overcome the limitations of the existing formulations and achieve a higher therapeutic impact of the drug on psoriasis and other skin diseases.
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