Unique Aspects of Thermal Plasma Torches and Reactor Design for Process Applications

Abstract

Novel features of arc plasma devices with thermionic and thermo-chemical cathodes and development of associated thermal plasma process reactors are investigated from device design and application point of view. Different types of plasma torches and open arcs, their fundamental differences in architecture, jet behavior, operational constraints, and evolution of interesting electromagnetic forces inside them have been probed. Investigation of instabilities in arcs through direct real-time imaging of arc path using fast photography and impact of powder loading on such instabilities are presented. Development of low power air plasma torches delivering large volume high-temperature plasma jet with long penetration depth has been investigated together with an estimation of hazardous NOx, produced from such devices during operation. Interesting attributes of various types of thermal plasma reactors including plasma spray chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactors for thick and dense coating, reactors for generation of H-OH plasma, radio frequency (RF) thermal plasma reactors for the synthesis of nanostructures, and air plasma gasifier reactors for environment-friendly mitigation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and electronic wastes have been presented. Coke bed air plasma gasifiers are specially investigated for their important technological aspects. Experimental results are presented with simulation supports for enhanced understanding, wherever necessary.